This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association pediatric advanced life support guidelines follows the 2018 and 2019 systematic reviews performed by the Pediatric Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It aligns with the continuous evidence review process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, with updates published when the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation completes a literature review based on new published evidence. This update provides the evidence review and treatment recommendations for advanced airway management in pediatric cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric cardiac arrest, and pediatric targeted temperature management during post–cardiac arrest care. The writing group analyzed the systematic reviews and the original research published for each of these topics. For airway management, the writing group concluded that it is reasonable to continue bag-mask ventilation (versus attempting an advanced airway such as endotracheal intubation) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When extracorporeal membrane oxygenation protocols and teams are readily available, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be considered for patients with cardiac diagnoses and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Finally, it is reasonable to use targeted temperature management of 32°C to 34°C followed by 36°C to 37.5°C, or to use targeted temperature management of 36°C to 37.5°C, for pediatric patients who remain comatose after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or in-hospital cardiac arrest.

中文翻译：

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2019年美国心脏协会专注于儿科高级生命支持的更新：《美国心脏协会心肺复苏和紧急心血管护理指南》的更新。

美国心脏协会儿科生命支持工作组在国际复苏委员会儿科生命支持工作组进行的2018年和2019年系统审查之后，对美国心脏协会儿科高级生命支持指南进行了2019年重点更新。它与国际复苏联络委员会的持续证据审查流程保持一致，并与国际复苏联络委员会根据新发表的证据完成文献审查时发布的更新保持一致。此更新为小儿心脏骤停中的高级气道管理，小儿心脏骤停中的体外心肺复苏以及心脏骤停后护理中的小儿目标温度管理提供了证据复查和治疗建议。写作小组分析了系统评价和针对每个主题发表的原始研究成果。对于气道管理，研究小组得出结论，对于院外心脏骤停的患者，继续进行气囊面罩通气（尝试使用气管插管等先进气道）是合理的。当体外膜氧合方案和团队随时可用时，对于有心脏诊断和院内心脏骤停的患者，应考虑进行体外心肺复苏。最后，对于在手术后仍保持昏迷状态的小儿患者，合理使用32°C至34°C，然后再36°C至37.5°C的目标温度管理，或使用36°C至37.5°C的目标温度管理是合理的。院外心脏骤停或院内心脏骤停进行复苏。