Our knowledge of the diversity of potato cyst nematodes in their native areas still remains patchy and should be improved. A previous study based on 42 Peruvian Globodera pallida populations revealed a clear south to north phylogeographic pattern, with five well‐supported clades and maximum diversity observed in the south of Peru. In order to investigate this phylogeographic pattern more closely, we genotyped a larger collection of Peruvian populations using both cathepsin L gene sequence data and a new set of 13 microsatellite loci. Using different genetic analyses (STRUCTURE, DAPC), we consistently obtained the same results that led to similar conclusions: the presence of a larger genetic diversity than previously known suggesting the presence of cryptic species in the south of Peru. These investigations also allowed us to clarify the geographic borders of the previously described G. pallida genetic clades and to update our knowledge of the genetic structure of this species in its native area, with the presence of additional clades. A distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) was also carried to understand whether there was a correlation between the population genetic differentiation and environmental conditions. This analysis showed that genetic distances observed between G. pallida populations are explained firstly by geographic distances, but also by climatic and soil conditions. This work could lead to a revision of the taxonomy that may have strong implications for risk assessment and management, especially on a quarantine species.

中文翻译：

---

秘鲁南部马铃薯孢囊线虫Globodera pallida的隐藏多样性

我们对马铃薯囊肿线虫在其本国地区的多样性的了解仍然很少，应加以改进。先前的研究基于42个秘鲁Globodera pallida种群显示出清晰的南北向植物学格局，在秘鲁南部观察到五个支撑良好的进化枝和最大的多样性。为了更仔细地研究这种地理学模式，我们使用组织蛋白酶L基因序列数据和一组新的13个微卫星基因座对秘鲁种群进行了基因分型。通过使用不同的遗传分析（STRUCTURE，DAPC），我们一致地获得了相同的结果，得出相似的结论：比以前已知的更大的遗传多样性的存在暗示了秘鲁南部存在隐蔽物种。这些调查还使我们能够阐明先前描述的G. pallida的地理边界遗传进化枝，并在存在其他进化枝的情况下更新我们对该物种遗传结构的了解。还进行了基于距离的冗余分析（dbRDA），以了解种群遗传分化与环境条件之间是否存在相关性。该分析表明，在G. pallida种群之间观察到的遗传距离首先是通过地理距离来解释的，但也可以通过气候和土壤条件来解释。这项工作可能会导致分类法的修订，这可能会对风险评估和管理，特别是对检疫物种的风险评估和管理产生重大影响。