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A review on neural network models of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
Neural Networks ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2019.10.014
Pablo Lanillos 1 , Daniel Oliva 2 , Anja Philippsen 3 , Yuichi Yamashita 4 , Yukie Nagai 3 , Gordon Cheng 2
Affiliation  

This survey presents the most relevant neural network models of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, from the first connectionist models to recent deep neural network architectures. We analyzed and compared the most representative symptoms with its neural model counterpart, detailing the alteration introduced in the network that generates each of the symptoms, and identifying their strengths and weaknesses. We additionally cross-compared Bayesian and free-energy approaches, as they are widely applied to model psychiatric disorders and share basic mechanisms with neural networks. Models of schizophrenia mainly focused on hallucinations and delusional thoughts using neural dysconnections or inhibitory imbalance as the predominating alteration. Models of autism rather focused on perceptual difficulties, mainly excessive attention to environment details, implemented as excessive inhibitory connections or increased sensory precision. We found an excessively tight view of the psychopathologies around one specific and simplified effect, usually constrained to the technical idiosyncrasy of the used network architecture. Recent theories and evidence on sensorimotor integration and body perception combined with modern neural network architectures could offer a broader and novel spectrum to approach these psychopathologies. This review emphasizes the power of artificial neural networks for modeling some symptoms of neurological disorders but also calls for further developing of these techniques in the field of computational psychiatry.

中文翻译:

精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍的神经网络模型综述。

这项调查显示了自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症最相关的神经网络模型,从第一个连接主义模型到最新的深度神经网络体系结构。我们分析了最具代表性的症状并将其与神经模型对应的症状进行了比较,详细介绍了产生每种症状的网络中引入的变化,并确定了它们的优缺点。我们还对贝叶斯方法和自由能方法进行了交叉比较,因为它们被广泛应用于精神疾病的建模并与神经网络共享基本机制。精神分裂症的模型主要集中在幻觉和妄想方面,其以神经失联或抑制性失衡为主要变化。自闭症模型更侧重于感知困难,主要是过分注意环境细节,以过多的抑制性连接或提高的感官精度来实现。我们发现围绕一种特定且简化的效果的精神病理学过于严密,通常受制于所用网络体系结构的技术特质。有关感觉运动整合和身体知觉的最新理论和证据与现代神经网络体系结构相结合,可以为研究这些精神病理学问题提供更广阔和新颖的领域。这篇综述强调了人工神经网络对神经系统疾病某些症状进行建模的能力,但同时也要求在计算精神病学领域进一步发展这些技术。我们发现围绕一种特定且简化的效果的精神病理学过于严密,通常受制于所用网络体系结构的技术特质。有关感觉运动整合和身体知觉的最新理论和证据与现代神经网络体系结构相结合,可以为研究这些精神病理学问题提供更广阔和新颖的领域。这篇综述强调了人工神经网络对神经系统疾病某些症状进行建模的能力,但同时也要求在计算精神病学领域进一步发展这些技术。我们发现围绕一种特定且简化的效果的精神病理学过于严密,通常受制于所用网络体系结构的技术特质。有关感觉运动整合和身体知觉的最新理论和证据与现代神经网络体系结构相结合,可以为研究这些精神病理学问题提供更广阔和新颖的领域。这篇综述强调了人工神经网络对神经系统疾病某些症状进行建模的能力,但同时也要求在计算精神病学领域进一步发展这些技术。有关感觉运动整合和身体知觉的最新理论和证据与现代神经网络体系结构相结合,可以为研究这些精神病理学问题提供更广阔和新颖的领域。这篇综述强调了人工神经网络对神经系统疾病某些症状进行建模的能力,但同时也要求在计算精神病学领域进一步发展这些技术。有关感觉运动整合和身体知觉的最新理论和证据与现代神经网络体系结构相结合,可以为研究这些精神病理学问题提供更广阔和新颖的领域。这篇综述强调了人工神经网络对神经系统疾病某些症状进行建模的能力,但同时也要求在计算精神病学领域进一步发展这些技术。
更新日期:2019-11-13
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