Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in the rate of ageing. Oxidative damage contributes to the hallmarks of ageing and essential components in pathological pathways which are thought to drive multiple age-related diseases. Nonetheless, results from studies testing the hypothesis of oxidative stress in ageing and diseases showed controversial results. While observational studies mainly found detrimental effects of high oxidative stress levels on disease status, randomized clinical trials examining the effect of antioxidant supplementation on disease status generally showed null effects. However, re-evaluations of these counterinitiative observations are required considering the lack of reliability and specificity of traditionally used biomarkers for measuring oxidative stress. To facilitate these re-evaluations, this review summarizes the basic knowledge of oxidative stress and the present findings regarding the role of oxidative damage in ageing and age-related diseases. Meanwhile, two approaches are highlighted, namely proper participants selection, together with the development of reliable biomarkers. We propose that oxidized vitamin E metabolites may be used to accurately monitor individual functional antioxidant level, which might serve as promising key solutions for future elucidating the impact of oxidative stress on ageing and age-related diseases.

在其他机制中，氧化应激被认为在衰老速率中起重要作用。氧化损伤是衰老的标志，是病理途径中必不可少的成分，被认为可导致多种与年龄有关的疾病。尽管如此，测试衰老和疾病中氧化应激假设的研究结果显示了有争议的结果。观察性研究主要发现高氧化应激水平对疾病状况的有害影响，而随机临床试验研究了补充抗氧化剂对疾病状况的影响，但总体而言无效。然而，考虑到传统上使用的生物标志物用于测量氧化应激的可靠性和特异性的缺乏，需要对这些反措施的观察结果进行重新评估。为了促进这些重新评估，本综述总结了氧化应激的基本知识以及有关氧化损伤在衰老和与年龄有关的疾病中作用的最新发现。同时，重点介绍了两种方法，即适当的参与者选择以及可靠的生物标记物的开发。我们建议氧化的维生素E代谢物可用于准确监测各个功能性抗氧化剂的水平，这可能是将来阐明氧化应激对衰老和与年龄有关的疾病的影响的有希望的关键解决方案。以及可靠的生物标记物的开发。我们建议氧化的维生素E代谢物可用于准确监测各个功能性抗氧化剂的水平，这可能是将来阐明氧化应激对衰老和与年龄有关的疾病的影响的有希望的关键解决方案。以及可靠的生物标记物的开发。我们建议氧化的维生素E代谢物可用于准确监测各个功能性抗氧化剂的水平，这可能是将来阐明氧化应激对衰老和与年龄有关的疾病的影响的有希望的关键解决方案。