Abstract In recent decades, the use of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for bio-separation engineering has attracted increasing interest. In this work, ATPSs based on carbohydrates and acetonitrile were used to explore the partitioning behavior of cephalosporin antibiotics including cephalexin, cefazolin, and cefixime. For this purpose, four ATPSs containing acetonitrile and glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose have been studied. Initially, the phase diagrams were acquired at 300 K and then correlated by the Merchuk equation. The results showed that the ATPS composed of disaccharides have a broader two-phase region than monosaccharides. Furthermore, for the studied systems, tie-lines were obtained and their accuracy was examined by Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. Moreover, tie-lines length and slope of tie-lines were determined. Besides, the partition coefficient of cephalosporins in four different ATPSs and a total of 48 tie-lines were investigated. Based on the results, it can be concluded that by increasing the concentration of carbohydrates, the partition coefficient increases. The maximum partitioning coefficient of cephalexin and cefazolin were obtained to be 19.2 and 17, respectively, with a recovery yield of 93% in the carbohydrate phase, which corresponds to the system (16 wt % glucose + 50 wt % acetonitrile + water). While the highest partitioning coefficient of cefixime was 6.4, with a recovery percentage of 81% for the system (16 wt % sucrose + 50 wt % acetonitrile + water). The results of this work indicate that these systems have a potential for separation and recovery of the understudied antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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头孢菌素（头孢氨苄、头孢唑啉、头孢克肟）在基于碳水化合物（葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖）/乙腈的水性两相系统中的相平衡和分配

摘要 近几十年来，水两相系统（ATPS）在生物分离工程中的应用引起了越来越多的关注。在这项工作中，基于碳水化合物和乙腈的 ATPS 被用于探索头孢菌素类抗生素包括头孢氨苄、头孢唑啉和头孢克肟的分配行为。为此，研究了四种含有乙腈和葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的 ATPS。最初，相图是在 300 K 下获得的，然后通过 Merchuk 方程相关联。结果表明，由二糖组成的ATPS比单糖具有更宽的两相区域。此外，对于所研究的系统，获得了联系线，并通过 Othmer-Tobias 和 Bancroft 方程检查了它们的准确性。此外，还确定了连接线的长度和连接线的斜率。除了，研究了头孢菌素在四种不同的 ATPS 和总共 48 条连接线中的分配系数。基于结果，可以得出结论，通过增加碳水化合物的浓度，分配系数增加。得到的头孢氨苄和头孢唑啉的最大分配系数分别为19.2和17，碳水化合物相的回收率为93%，对应于该体系（16 wt%葡萄糖+50 wt%乙腈+水）。而头孢克肟的最高分配系数为6.4，该体系（16 wt%蔗糖+50 wt%乙腈+水）的回收率为81%。这项工作的结果表明，这些系统具有分离和回收研究不足的抗生素的潜力。