Mechanisms of cross organ communication is vital for our bodies to maintain homeostasis. Secreted peptides, proteins and the autonomic nervous system have been the major regulators in metabolic adaptation. During the last decade significant scientific evidence has accumulated that extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by all cells, are involved cellular signaling [1, 2]. The EVs consists of different types, e.g. exosomes from the endosomal pathway, microvesicles from the cell surface and apoptotic bodies. They are 30‐2000 nm in size, loaded with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids and have a wide range of actions/functions in tissue repair, immunity, cardiometabolic diseases and carcinogenesis [3]. Pathological roles have also been recently described in insulin resistance [4, 5]. EVs are able to interact with the target cells via special receptors (e.g. integrins, proteoglycans), or internalized via phagocytosis or membrane fusion.

中文翻译：

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脂肪细胞源性细胞外囊泡作为调节食物摄入量的新通信信号。

跨器官沟通机制对于我们的身体维持体内动态平衡至关重要。分泌的肽，蛋白质和植物神经系统已成为代谢适应的主要调节剂。在过去的十年中，已经积累了重要的科学证据，所有细胞分泌的细胞外囊泡（EV）都参与了细胞信号传导[1、2]。EV由不同类型组成，例如，来自内体途径的外来体，来自细胞表面的微泡和凋亡小体。它们的大小为30-2000 nm，富含蛋白质，脂质或核酸，在组织修复，免疫，心脏代谢疾病和致癌作用中具有广泛的作用/功能[3]。最近在胰岛素抵抗中也描述了病理作用[4，5]。