Adenoviruses are a commonly utilized virus for gene therapy platforms worldwide. Since adenovirus components are characterized as highly immunogenic, their immunogenicity inhibits the widespread use of adenoviral vectors to treat genetic disorders. However, stimulation of the immune response can be exploited for cancer immunotherapy platforms, and thus adenoviral vectors are used for therapeutic gene transfer, vaccines, and oncolytic agents in the cancer gene therapy field. It is now accepted that the generation of anti-tumor immune responses induced by oncolytic adenovirus treatments is critical for their anti-tumor efficacy. As such, in cancer immunotherapy with adenoviral vectors, a balance must be struck between induction of anti-adenoviral and anti-tumor immune responses. The recent trend in adenoviral-based cancer gene therapy is the development of adenoviral vectors to enhance immune responses and redirect them toward tumors. This review focuses on anti-adenoviral immunity and how adenovirotherapies skew the immune response toward an anti-tumor response.

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腺病毒载体在癌症治疗中的免疫学。

腺病毒是全世界基因治疗平台常用的病毒。由于腺病毒成分的特征是具有高度免疫原性，因此其免疫原性抑制了腺病毒载体广泛用于治疗遗传性疾病。然而，可以将免疫应答的刺激用于癌症免疫治疗平台，因此腺病毒载体被用于癌症基因治疗领域中的治疗性基因转移，疫苗和溶瘤剂。现在已经公认，溶瘤腺病毒治疗诱导的抗肿瘤免疫应答的产生对其抗肿瘤功效至关重要。这样，在用腺病毒载体进行的癌症免疫治疗中，必须在诱导抗腺病毒和抗肿瘤免疫反应之间取得平衡。基于腺病毒的癌症基因治疗的最新趋势是腺病毒载体的发展，以增强免疫应答并将其重定向至肿瘤。这篇综述的重点是抗腺病毒的免疫力，以及腺病毒疗法如何使免疫反应偏向抗肿瘤反应。