BACKGROUND Milk has a specific saturated fatty acid profile and its calcium content may change the kinetics of fat absorption. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to compare the effect on LDL Cholesterol and other risk markers of four isolipidic diets differing by their fat food source, vegetable fat, spring milk fat, winter milk fat or winter milk fat supplemented with calcium, in healthy moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. INDIVIDUALS AND METHODS This double-blind, randomized trial with four parallel arms included 172 healthy adults with plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from 130 to 220 mg/dL and triglycerides below 300 mg/dL. Individual meal plans ensured a stable energy intake. In the three diets containing milk fat, milk fat provided 38% of energy. Vegetable fat and spring milk fat diets provided the same amount of saturated fatty acids while the winter milk fat diets were slightly richer in saturated fatty acids. Vegetable fat diet and winter milk fat diets provided the same amount of palmitic acid (7.0% EI), while the spring milk fat diet was slightly poorer in this fatty acid (5.1% EI). Cardiovascular risk markers were analyzed after 8 weeks of dietary intervention. RESULTS There was no significant difference in LDL-C and other markers, except total cholesterol (TC), apo C3 and CRP. TC was significantly higher with spring milk fat than with vegetable fat. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, the chosen vegetable fat did not have a significant beneficial effect on LDL-C compared to dairy fat. However, sub-group analysis showed differences in TC, apo C3 and CRP. These results need confirmation and long-term studies aiming at cardiovascular endpoints are warranted.

中文翻译：

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乳脂对健康人 LDL 胆固醇和其他心血管风险标志物的影响：INNOVALAIT 项目。

背景技术牛奶具有特定的饱和脂肪酸谱，其钙含量可能会改变脂肪吸收的动力学。目的 本研究的目的是比较在健康适度的健康人群中，不同脂肪食物来源、植物脂肪、春季乳脂、冬季乳脂或冬季乳脂加钙对 LDL 胆固醇和其他风险标志物的影响。高胆固醇血症的人。个体和方法 这项双盲、随机试验有四个平行组，包括 172 名血浆 LDL 胆固醇 (LDL-C) 从 130 到 220 mg/dL 和甘油三酯低于 300 mg/dL 的健康成年人。个人膳食计划确保了稳定的能量摄入。在三种含乳脂的日粮中，乳脂提供了38%的能量。植物脂肪和春季乳脂饮食提供了相同数量的饱和脂肪酸，而冬季乳脂饮食则略微富含饱和脂肪酸。植物脂肪饮食和冬季乳脂饮食提供了相同数量的棕榈酸（7.0% EI），而春季乳脂饮食在这种脂肪酸（5.1% EI）方面稍差。在饮食干预 8 周后分析心血管风险标志物。结果除总胆固醇（TC）、载脂蛋白C3和CRP外，LDL-C和其他指标无显着差异。春乳脂肪的 TC 显着高于植物脂肪。结论 在这项试验中，与乳脂相比，所选植物脂肪对 LDL-C 没有显着的有益影响。然而，亚组分析显示 TC、apo C3 和 CRP 存在差异。