Temperature differences between cities and the countryside have been regarded as useful surrogates for ecological responses to climate warming. However, research reveals mismatch between the phenological responses to spatial and temporal temperature gradients as well as complex interactions between urbanization and climate.

中文翻译：

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物候与城市。

城乡之间的温差被认为是对气候变暖的生态反应的有益替代。但是，研究表明，对时空温度梯度的物候响应与城市化与气候之间复杂的相互作用之间存在不匹配。