Abstract The capacity of cities to act on climate change mitigation is essential to fulfil the Paris Agreement target. In order to do so, cities should establish an effective climate policy which requires, as a first step, a complete greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory. The accurate city-scale GHG inventory enables cities to develop, implement and track climate solution measures, mainly those related to transportation. The compilation of a city-scale GHG inventory requires a standardized method and up-to-date activity data. This systematic review critically examines 40 articles over the past 20 years to (1) identify city-scale GHG inventory methods being applied worldwide, (2) evaluate how these methods are evolving, (3) elaborate how emissions from transport sector are being estimated, and (4) determine what data types and sources of transport-related data are being used. The review was limited to articles that addressed the process of compilation of a GHG inventory. The results demonstrate that city-scale GHG inventory methods evolved from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines to a variety of GHG accounting methods that offer levels of complexity to estimate city-scale emissions. Although GHG inventory methods for city-scale have advanced over the years, almost one third of the articles reviewed were focused on the proposal of a GHG inventory framework, adjusting current methods to each city's reality or proposing new ones. The majority of the cities analysed lack local transport-related data to measure GHG emissions based on the bottom-up approach. Yet, more than 40% of the articles managed to deliver the bottom-up inventory using a diversity of data types and sources. This review shows that there is still a path to achieve a globally compatible method. This would require a joint effort between researchers and city authorities to make international protocols more compliant to each city's data availability along with the improvement of cities data collection.

中文翻译：

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城市规模温室气体排放清单方法的演变：系统回顾

摘要 城市在减缓气候变化方面采取行动的能力对于实现《巴黎协定》目标至关重要。为此，城市应制定有效的气候政策，首先需要一份完整的温室气体 (GHG) 排放清单。准确的城市规模温室气体清单使城市能够制定、实施和跟踪气候解决方案措施，主要是与交通相关的措施。城市规模温室气体清单的编制需要标准化的方法和最新的活动数据。这篇系统综述批判性地审查了过去 20 年的 40 篇文章，以 (1) 确定世界范围内应用的城市规模的温室气体清单方法，(2) 评估这些方法的演变情况，(3) 详细说明如何估算交通部门的排放量，(4) 确定正在使用的交通相关数据的数据类型和来源。审查仅限于涉及温室气体清单编制过程的文章。结果表明，城市规模的温室气体清单方法从政府间气候变化专门委员会 (IPCC) 指南演变为各种温室气体核算方法，这些方法提供了估算城市规模排放的复杂程度。尽管这些年来城市规模的温室气体清单方法有所进步，但几乎三分之一的评论文章都集中在温室气体清单框架的提议上，根据每个城市的实际情况调整现有方法或提出新的方法。所分析的大多数城市缺乏当地交通相关数据，无法根据自下而上的方法衡量温室气体排放。然而，超过 40% 的文章设法使用各种数据类型和来源提供自下而上的库存。这篇综述表明，实现全局兼容的方法还有一条路可走。这需要研究人员和城市当局共同努力，使国际协议更符合每个城市的数据可用性，同时改进城市数据收集。