Rice is the most important staple food in the world, but rice production is challenged by several biotic stress factors like viruses, bacteria, fungi and pest insects. One of the most notorious pest insects is Nilaparvata lugens, commonly known as the brown planthopper, which feeds on rice phloem sap and can cause serious damage to rice fields. In order to protect themselves, plants express a wide array of defense proteins such as ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). This study shows that the expression of 'OsRIP1' is highly induced in rice plants infested with N. lugens, with transcript levels more than 100-fold upregulated in infested plants compared to non-infested plants. Furthermore, recombinant OsRIP1 was toxic for brown planthoppers when administered through liquid artificial diet. OsRIP1 inactivated insect ribosomes in vitro, suggesting that its toxicity relates to the enzymatic activity of OsRIP1. Over-expression of OsRIP1 in transgenic rice plants did not affect the performance of insects reared on these plants, most likely due to insufficient concentrations of OsRIP1 in the phloem. The data obtained in this research indicate that OsRIP1 can play a role in plant defense against herbivorous insects.

中文翻译：

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OsRIP1，一种来自水稻的核糖体失活蛋白，参与植物防御 Nilaparvata lugens

水稻是世界上最重要的主食，但水稻生产受到病毒、细菌、真菌和害虫等多种生物胁迫因素的挑战。最臭名昭著的害虫之一是褐飞虱，俗称褐飞虱，以水稻韧皮部汁液为食，可对稻田造成严重破坏。为了保护自己，植物会表达多种防御蛋白，例如核糖体失活蛋白 (RIP)。该研究表明，'OsRIP1' 的表达在感染了褐飞虱的水稻植物中被高度诱导，与未感染植物相比，感染植物的转录水平上调了 100 多倍。此外，重组 OsRIP1 在通过人工液体饮食给药时对褐飞虱有毒。OsRIP1 在体外灭活昆虫核糖体，表明其毒性与 OsRIP1 的酶活性有关。OsRIP1 在转基因水稻植物中的过度表达不会影响这些植物上饲养的昆虫的性能，很可能是由于韧皮部中 OsRIP1 的浓度不足。本研究获得的数据表明，OsRIP1可以在植物对食草昆虫的防御中发挥作用。