HIGH STEROL ESTER 1 is a key factor in plant sterol homeostasis.,Nature Plants

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HIGH STEROL ESTER 1 is a key factor in plant sterol homeostasis.
Nature Plants ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-11 , DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0537-2
Takashi L Shimada _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Tomoo Shimada ₁ , Yozo Okazaki _{6,

7} , Yasuhiro Higashi ₆ , Kazuki Saito _{6,

8} , Keiko Kuwata ₉ , Kaori Oyama ₁₀ , Misako Kato ₁₀ , Haruko Ueda ₁₁ , Akihiko Nakano _{3,

12} , Takashi Ueda _{4,

13,

14} , Yoshitaka Takano ₂ , Ikuko Hara-Nishimura _{1,

11}

Affiliation

Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan.
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan.
RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Japan.
JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan.

Plants strictly regulate the levels of sterol in their cells, as high sterol levels are toxic. However, how plants achieve sterol homeostasis is not fully understood. We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that abundantly accumulated sterol esters in structures of about 1 µm in diameter in leaf cells. We designated the mutant high sterol ester 1 (hise1) and called the structures sterol ester bodies. Here, we show that HISE1, the gene product that is altered in this mutant, functions as a key factor in plant sterol homeostasis on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and participates in a fail-safe regulatory system comprising two processes. First, HISE1 downregulates the protein levels of the β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductases HMGR1 and HMGR2, which are rate-limiting enzymes in the sterol synthesis pathway, resulting in suppression of sterol overproduction. Second, if the first process is not successful, excess sterols are converted to sterol esters by phospholipid sterol acyltransferase1 (PSAT1) on ER microdomains and then segregated in SE bodies.

中文翻译：

HIGH STEROL ESTER 1 是植物甾醇稳态的关键因素。

植物严格调节其细胞中的甾醇水平，因为高水平的甾醇是有毒的。然而，植物如何实现甾醇稳态尚不完全清楚。我们分离出一种拟南芥突变体，该突变体在叶细胞直径约 1 µm 的结构中大量积累甾醇酯。我们将突变体高甾醇酯 1 (hise1) 命名为结构甾醇酯体。在这里，我们表明 HISE1 是在该突变体中改变的基因产物，它是内质网 (ER) 上植物甾醇稳态的关键因素，并参与了一个由两个过程组成的故障安全监管系统。首先，HISE1 下调 β-羟基 β-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A 还原酶 HMGR1 和 HMGR2 的蛋白质水平，它们是甾醇合成途径中的限速酶，从而抑制甾醇过量产生。其次，如果第一个过程不成功，多余的甾醇会被 ER 微区上的磷脂甾醇酰基转移酶 1 (PSAT1) 转化为甾醇酯，然后在 SE 体中分离。

更新日期：2019-11-13

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