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Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird
Ecology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-31 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2927
S K Winnicki 1, 2 , S M Munguía 3 , E J Williams 4 , W A Boyle 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra-pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra-pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in NE Kansas, USA. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short-term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently temporally and spatially variable that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive, perhaps exacerbated by changing landscape contexts and declining population sizes.

中文翻译:

社交互动不会推动草原鸣禽的领土聚集

了解动物分布的驱动因素是生态学的一个基本目标,并为栖息地管理提供信息。动物群体聚集的成本和收益已经得到很好的证实,但导致领土动物聚集的因素仍不清楚。领地动物可能会聚集以促进社会行为,例如 (1) 对捕食者和/或寄生虫的群体防御,(2) 合作照顾后代,(3) 多对交配,和/或 (4) 减少多对交配的成本通过亲属选择交配。我们使用实验和观察方法在美国堪萨斯州东北部的一个高草草原上测试了所有四个假设的预测。蚱蜢 (Ammodramus savannarum) 雄性在该地点的某些地方形成了领地团块,而其他明显合适的区域却无人居住。尽管进行了大量抽样工作(653 个地区和 223 个巢穴),但我们没有发现任何假设的聚集的社会驱动因素的支持,也没有证据表明聚集会增加巢穴的成功。我们的结果与先前关于同种相互作用塑造领土分布的证据背道而驰。这些结果表明了以下替代方案之一:(1) 聚合的好​​处在不同的生活史阶段累积,或 (2) 区域聚合的好处可能太小而无法在短期研究中检测到和/或聚合的后果具有足够的时间和空间可变性,它们似乎并不总是具有局部适应性,可能会因景观环境的变化和人口规模的下降而加剧。也没有证据表明聚合会增加筑巢成功率。我们的结果与先前关于同种相互作用塑造领土分布的证据背道而驰。这些结果表明了以下替代方案之一:(1) 聚合的好​​处在不同的生活史阶段累积,或 (2) 区域聚合的好处可能太小而无法在短期研究中检测到和/或聚合的后果具有足够的时间和空间可变性,以至于它们似乎并不总是具有局部适应性,可能会因景观环境的变化和人口规模的下降而加剧。也没有证据表明聚合会增加筑巢成功率。我们的结果与先前关于同种相互作用塑造领土分布的证据背道而驰。这些结果表明了以下替代方案之一:(1) 聚合的好​​处在不同的生活史阶段累积,或 (2) 区域聚合的好处可能太小而无法在短期研究中检测到和/或聚合的后果具有足够的时间和空间可变性,以至于它们似乎并不总是具有局部适应性,可能会因景观环境的变化和人口规模的下降而加剧。
更新日期:2019-12-31
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