Melatonin (MT) regulates reproductive performance as a potent antioxidant; however, its beneficial effects on oocyte development remain largely unknown, especially in human oocytes. The collected 193 immature oocytes from the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) in IVM medium contained 10 μmol/L MT (n = 105, M group) and no MT (n = 88, NM group), followed by insemination and embryo culture. The results showed that the high-quality blastocyst formation rate in the M group (28.4%) was significantly higher than that in the NM group (2.0%) (P = .0001), and the aneuploidy rate was low (15.8%). In the subsequent clinical trials, three healthy infants were delivered. Next, single-cell RNA-seq data revealed 1026 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which associated with ATP generation, was upregulated in the M group. Finally, confocal fluorescence staining results revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocytes significantly increased and intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels greatly decreased in the M group. Melatonin can promote the development of immature human oocytes retrieved from the COH cycle into healthy offspring by protecting mitochondrial function.

中文翻译：

---

褪黑素通过保护线粒体功能，促进了未成熟的卵母细胞从COH循环发展为健康的后代。

褪黑激素（MT）作为有效的抗氧化剂，可调节生殖性能。然而，其对卵母细胞发育的有益作用仍然未知，尤其是在人类卵母细胞中。从控制的卵巢过度刺激（COH）周期中收集的193个未成熟卵母细胞在IVM培养基中进行体外成熟（IVM），其中含有10μmol/ L MT（n = 105，M组），不含MT（n = 88，NM组），其次是授精和胚胎培养。结果表明，M组的高质量胚泡形成率（28.4％）显着高于NM组（2.0％）（P = .0001），非整倍体率较低（15.8％）。在随后的临床试验中，分娩了三名健康婴儿。接下来，单细胞RNA-seq数据揭示了两组之间的1026个差异表达基因（DEG），KEGG富集分析表明，与ATP产生相关的与氧化磷酸化途径有关的大多数DEGs在M组中均被上调。最后，共聚焦荧光染色结果表明，M组卵母细胞的线粒体膜电位显着增加，细胞内ROS和Ca2 +水平大大降低。褪黑素可通过保护线粒体功能，促进从COH循环中恢复为健康后代的未成熟人类卵母细胞的发育。共聚焦荧光染色结果表明，M组卵母细胞的线粒体膜电位显着增加，细胞内ROS和Ca2 +水平大大降低。褪黑素可通过保护线粒体功能，促进从COH循环中恢复为健康后代的未成熟人类卵母细胞的发育。共聚焦荧光染色结果表明，M组卵母细胞的线粒体膜电位显着增加，细胞内ROS和Ca2 +水平大大降低。褪黑素可通过保护线粒体功能，促进从COH循环中恢复为健康后代的未成熟人类卵母细胞的发育。