An increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes released from various cells can serve as mediators of information exchange between different cells. With further exploration of exosome content, a more accurate molecular mechanism involved in the process of cell-to-cell communication has been revealed; specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are shuttled by exosomes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and asthma. Consequently, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several lung diseases. This review will summarize recent knowledge about the roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases, which has shed light on the discovery of novel diagnostic methods and treatments for these disorders. Because there is almost no published literature about exosomal lncRNAs in COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, or tuberculosis, we summarize the roles of exosomal lncRNAs only in lung cancer in the second section. This may inspire some new ideas for researchers who are interested in whether lncRNAs shuttled by exosomes may play roles in other lung diseases.

越来越多的研究报道，各种细胞释放的外泌体可以作为不同细胞之间信息交换的介质。随着对外泌体内容的进一步探索，揭示了细胞间通讯过程中更准确的分子机制；具体来说，微小RNA（miRNA）和长非编码RNA（lncRNA）由外泌体穿梭。此外，外泌体miRNA和lncRNA可能在多种呼吸系统疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用，例如慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）、肺癌和哮喘。因此，外泌体 miRNA 和 lncRNA 有希望作为多种肺部疾病的诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点。这篇综述将总结关于外泌体 miRNA 和 lncRNA 在肺部疾病中的作用的最新知识，这有助于发现这些疾病的新诊断方法和治疗方法。由于几乎没有关于外泌体lncRNA在COPD、哮喘、间质性肺疾病或结核病中的发表文献，我们在第二节中仅总结了外泌体lncRNA在肺癌中的作用。这可能会为那些对外泌体穿梭的lncRNA是否在其他肺部疾病中发挥作用感兴趣的研究人员激发一些新想法。