Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut.,The ISME Journal

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Biodiversity of protists and nematodes in the wild nonhuman primate gut.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0551-4
Allison E Mann _{1,

2} , Florent Mazel ₁ , Matthew A Lemay ₁ , Evan Morien ₁ , Vincent Billy ₁ , Martin Kowalewski ₃ , Anthony Di Fiore ₄ , Andrés Link ₅ , Tony L Goldberg ₆ , Stacey Tecot ₇ , Andrea L Baden ₈ , Andres Gomez ₉ , Michelle L Sauther ₁₀ , Frank P Cuozzo ₁₁ , Gillian A O Rice ₁₂ , Nathaniel J Dominy ₁₂ , Rebecca Stumpf ₁₃ , Rebecca J Lewis ₄ , Larissa Swedell _{14,

15} , Katherine Amato ₁₆ , Laura Wegener Parfrey _{1,

17}

Affiliation

Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
Estacion Biologica Corrientes (MACN-BR)-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina.
Department of Anthropology, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.
Department of Pathobiological Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Lajuma Research Centre, Louis Trichardt (Makhado), Lajuma, South Africa.
Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Documenting the natural diversity of eukaryotic organisms in the nonhuman primate (NHP) gut is important for understanding the evolution of the mammalian gut microbiome, its role in digestion, health and disease, and the consequences of anthropogenic change on primate biology and conservation. Despite the ecological significance of gut-associated eukaryotes, little is known about the factors that influence their assembly and diversity in mammals. In this study, we used an 18S rRNA gene fragment metabarcoding approach to assess the eukaryotic assemblage of 62 individuals representing 16 NHP species. We find that cercopithecoids, and especially the cercopithecines, have substantially higher alpha diversity than other NHP groups. Gut-associated protists and nematodes are widespread among NHPs, consistent with their ancient association with NHP hosts. However, we do not find a consistent signal of phylosymbiosis or host-species specificity. Rather, gut eukaryotes are only weakly structured by primate phylogeny with minimal signal from diet, in contrast to previous reports of NHP gut bacteria. The results of this study indicate that gut-associated eukaryotes offer different information than gut-associated bacteria and add to our understanding of the structure of the gut microbiome.

中文翻译：

野生非人类灵长类动物肠道中原生生物和线虫的生物多样性。

记录非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 肠道中真核生物的自然多样性对于了解哺乳动物肠道微生物组的进化、其在消化、健康和疾病中的作用以及人为变化对灵长类动物生物学和保护的影响非常重要。尽管与肠道相关的真核生物具有生态意义，但对影响它们在哺乳动物中的组装和多样性的因素知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用 18S rRNA 基因片段元条形码方法来评估代表 16 个 NHP 物种的 62 个个体的真核组合。我们发现 cercopithecoids，尤其是 cercopithecines，比其他 NHP 组具有更高的 alpha 多样性。与肠道相关的原生生物和线虫在 NHP 中很普遍，这与它们与 NHP 宿主的古老联系一致。然而，我们没有发现系统共生或宿主物种特异性的一致信号。相反，与之前关于 NHP 肠道细菌的报道相比，肠道真核生物仅由灵长类动物系统发育构成，饮食信号极少。这项研究的结果表明，与肠道相关的真核生物提供的信息与肠道相关的细菌不同，并增加了我们对肠道微生物组结构的理解。

更新日期：2020-01-17

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