Governments have committed to global targets to slow biodiversity loss and sustain ecosystem services. Biodiversity state indicators that measure progress toward these targets mostly focus on species, while indicators synthesizing ecosystem change are largely lacking. We fill this gap with three indices quantifying past and projected changes in ecosystems using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems. Our indices quantify changes in risk of ecosystem collapse, ecosystem area and ecological processes, and capture variation in underlying patterns among ecosystems. We apply the indices to three case studies of regional and national assessments (American/Caribbean forests, terrestrial ecosystems of Colombia, and terrestrial ecosystems of South Africa) to illustrate the indices’ complementarity and versatility in revealing patterns of interest for users across sectors. Our indices have the potential to fill the recognized need for ecosystem indicators to inform conservation targets, guide policy, and prioritize management actions.

中文翻译：

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支持全球生物多样性保护的生态系统指数

各国政府致力于实现减缓生物多样性丧失和维持生态系统服务的全球目标。衡量实现这些目标的进展的生物多样性状态指标主要集中在物种上，而综合生态系统变化的指标却很缺乏。我们使用来自国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）生态系统红色清单的数据量化了生态系统过去和预计的变化的三个指数来填补这一空白。我们的指数量化了生态系统崩溃，生态系统面积和生态过程风险的变化，并捕获了生态系统内基本模式的变化。我们将指数应用于区域和国家评估的三个案例研究（美国/加勒比森林，哥伦比亚陆地生态系统，和南非的陆地生态系统）来说明指数的互补性和多功能性，以揭示各行业用户的兴趣模式。我们的指数有潜力满足公认的生态系统指标需求，以告知保护目标，指导政策并确定管理措施的优先级。