To better make nanomedicine entering the clinic, developing new rationally designed nanotherapeutics with a deeper understanding of tumor biology is required. The tumor microenvironment is similar to the inflammatory response in a healing wound, the milieu of which promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Successful targeting of the microenvironmental components with effective nanotherapeutics to modulate the tumor microvessels or restore the homeostatic mechanisms in the tumor stroma will offer new hope for cancer treatment. We here highlight the progress in constructing nanotherapeutics to target or modulate the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the factors necessary for nanomedicines to become a new paradigm in cancer therapy, including the selection of drugs and therapeutic targets, controllable synthesis, and tempo‐spatial drug release.

中文翻译：

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用新的治疗性纳米粒子调节肿瘤微环境：肿瘤治疗的有前途的范例。

为了更好地使纳米医学进入临床，需要对肿瘤生物学有更深入的了解，开发合理设计的新型纳米治疗药物。肿瘤微环境类似于愈合伤口中的炎症反应，其环境促进了肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。使用有效的纳米疗法成功靶向微环境成分以调节肿瘤微血管或恢复肿瘤基质中的稳态机制将为癌症治疗提供新的希望。我们在此重点介绍构建纳米疗法以靶向或调节肿瘤微环境的进展。我们讨论了纳米药物成为癌症治疗新范式的必要因素，包括药物和治疗靶点的选择、可控合成和时空药物释放。