Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of fascinating phenomena such as frustration, emergent magnetic monopoles and phase transitions that have previously been the domain of bulk spin crystals and theory, as we discuss in this Review. Artificial spin ices also show promise as reprogrammable magnonic crystals and, with this in mind, we give an overview of the measurements of fast dynamics in these magnetic metamaterials. We survey the variety of geometries that have been implemented, in terms of both the form of the nanomagnets and the lattices on which they are placed, including quasicrystalline systems and artificial spin systems in 3D. Different magnetic materials can also be incorporated to modify anisotropies and blocking temperatures, for example. With this large variety of systems, the way is open to discover new phenomena, and we complete this Review with possible directions for the future.

人造自旋冰由纳米磁铁组成，纳米磁铁排列在各种周期性和非周期性晶格的位置上。正如我们在本综述中所讨论的那样，它们使人们能够对令人着迷的各种现象进行实验研究，例如沮丧，出现的磁性单极子和相变，这些以前曾是体自旋晶体和理论的领域。人造自旋冰还显示出有望作为可重编程的镁磁晶体，因此，我们对这些磁性超材料中快速动力学的测量进行了概述。我们根据纳米磁铁的形式和放置它们的晶格来调查已实现的各种几何形状，包括3D准晶体系统和人工自旋系统。例如，还可以结合不同的磁性材料来改变各向异性和阻挡温度。有了如此众多的系统，就可以发现新现象，并且我们完成了本综述，并指出了未来的可能方向。