MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a group of short RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. They can directly interact with their target mRNA molecules and induce target gene silencing. Many investigations over the past decade have revealed the involvement of different miRNAs in essential biological events. The expression of a considerable number of miRNAs is tightly regulated through epigenetic events such as histone modifications and DNA methylation. Notably, irregularities in these epigenetic events are associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs in a range of diseases including cancer. Impaired epigenetic events associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs can be pharmacologically modified using chromatin modifying drugs. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical data demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can re-establish the expression of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in a range of cancer types, rationalizing miRNAs as potential drug targets. This review highlights evidence from investigations assessing the effects of different classes of HDACi on miRNA expression in breast cancer (BC).

中文翻译：

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通过组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂（HDACi）靶向miRNA：合理化基于表观遗传学的乳腺癌治疗方法。

微小RNA（miRNA）属于〜22个核苷酸的短RNA分子，它们通过转录后调控机制在基因表达的调控中起重要作用。它们可以直接与其靶mRNA分子相互作用，并诱导靶基因沉默。在过去的十年中，许多研究表明不同的miRNA参与了重要的生物学事件。大量miRNA的表达受到表观遗传事件（例如组蛋白修饰和DNA甲基化）的严格调控。值得注意的是，这些表观遗传事件的不规则性与包括癌症在内的多种疾病中miRNA的异常表达有关。与miRNA异常表达相关的表观遗传事件可通过染色质修饰药物进行药理修饰。许多临床前和临床数据表明，组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂（HDACi）可以在多种癌症类型中重建异常表达的miRNA的表达，从而使miRNA成为潜在的药物靶标。这篇综述突出了来自评估不同类别的HDACi对乳腺癌（BC）中miRNA表达的影响的调查证据。