Abstract The production and use of Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) or materials containing ENPs has increased astonishingly, leading to increased exposure to workers and consumers. The invention and applications of new materials either create new opportunities or pose new risks and uncertainties. The uncertainties concerning application of ENPs are posing disturbances to the ecosystem and human health. This review first addresses in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on the toxicity of ENPs to animals and humans. Ethical justifications are provided specially with reference to Intergenerational Justice (IRG-J) and Ecological Justice (EC-J). The social benefits and burdens of ENPs are identified for present and future generations. Some mitigation approaches for combating the potential risks posed by ENPs are proposed. Finally, suggestions for the safe handling of ENPs in future are proposed in the review.

中文翻译：

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工程纳米粒子应用的可持续性和环境伦理

摘要 工程纳米粒子 (ENP) 或含有 ENP 的材料的生产和使用惊人地增加，导致工人和消费者的暴露增加。新材料的发明和应用要么创造新的机遇，要么带来新的风险和不确定性。ENP应用的不确定性正在对生态系统和人类健康造成干扰。本综述首先讨论了关于 ENPs 对动物和人类毒性的体外和体内研究。特别提供了代际正义（IRG-J）和生态正义（EC-J）的道德理由。为今世后代确定了 ENP 的社会利益和负担。提出了一些缓解 ENP 带来的潜在风险的缓解方法。最后，