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Recurrent heterozygous PAX6 missense variants cause severe bilateral microphthalmia via predictable effects on DNA-protein interaction.
Genetics in Medicine ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-08 , DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0685-9
Kathleen A Williamson 1 , H Nikki Hall 1 , Liusaidh J Owen 1 , Benjamin J Livesey 1 , Isabel M Hanson 1 , G G W Adams 2 , Simon Bodek 3 , Patrick Calvas 4 , Bruce Castle 5 , Michael Clarke 6 , Alexander T Deng 7 , Patrick Edery 8 , Richard Fisher 9 , Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach 10 , Elise Heon 11 , Jane Hurst 12 , Dragana Josifova 7 , Birgit Lorenz 13 , Shane McKee 14 , Francoise Meire 15 , Anthony T Moore 2 , Michael Parker 16 , Charlotte M Reiff 17 , Jay Self 18, 19 , Edward S Tobias 20 , Joke B G M Verheij 21 , Marjolaine Willems 22 , Denise Williams 23 , Veronica van Heyningen 1 , Joseph A Marsh 1 , David R FitzPatrick 1
Affiliation  

PURPOSE Most classical aniridia is caused by PAX6 haploinsufficiency. PAX6 missense variants can be hypomorphic or mimic haploinsufficiency. We hypothesized that missense variants also cause previously undescribed disease by altering the affinity and/or specificity of PAX6 genomic interactions. METHODS We screened PAX6 in 372 individuals with bilateral microphthalmia, anophthalmia, or coloboma (MAC) from the Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit eye malformation cohort (HGUeye) and reviewed data from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. We performed cluster analysis on PAX6-associated ocular phenotypes by variant type and molecular modeling of the structural impact of 86 different PAX6 causative missense variants. RESULTS Eight different PAX6 missense variants were identified in 17 individuals (15 families) with MAC, accounting for 4% (15/372) of our cohort. Seven altered the paired domain (p.[Arg26Gln]x1, p.[Gly36Val]x1, p.[Arg38Trp]x2, p.[Arg38Gln]x1, p.[Gly51Arg]x2, p.[Ser54Arg]x2, p.[Asn124Lys]x5) and one the homeodomain (p.[Asn260Tyr]x1). p.Ser54Arg and p.Asn124Lys were exclusively associated with severe bilateral microphthalmia. MAC-associated variants were predicted to alter but not ablate DNA interaction, consistent with the electrophoretic mobility shifts observed using mutant paired domains with well-characterized PAX6-binding sites. We found no strong evidence for novel PAX6-associated extraocular disease. CONCLUSION Altering the affinity and specificity of PAX6-binding genome-wide provides a plausible mechanism for the worse-than-null effects of MAC-associated missense variants.

中文翻译:

复发性杂合 PAX6 错义变异通过对 DNA-蛋白质相互作用的可预测影响导致严重的双侧小眼症。

目的 大多数经典无虹膜是由 PAX6 单倍体不足引起的。PAX6 错义变体可以是低态的或模拟单倍体不足。我们假设错义变异还通过改变 PAX6 基因组相互作用的亲和力和/或特异性来引起以前未描述的疾病。方法 我们对来自医学研究委员会人类遗传学单位眼部畸形队列 (HGUeye) 的 372 名患有双侧小眼症、无眼症或缺损 (MAC) 的个体进行了 PAX6 筛查,并回顾了破译发育障碍研究的数据。我们通过变异类型对 PAX6 相关眼部表型进行了聚类分析,并对 86 种不同的 PAX6 致病错义变异的结构影响进行了分子建模。结果 在 17 名 MAC 个体(15 个家族)中发现了 8 种不同的 PAX6 错义变异,占我们队列的 4% (15/372)。七个改变了配对结构域(p.[Arg26Gln]x1、p.[Gly36Val]x1、p.[Arg38Trp]x2、p.[Arg38Gln]x1、p.[Gly51Arg]x2、p.[Ser54Arg]x2、p. [Asn124Lys]x5) 和一个同源域 (p.[Asn260Tyr]x1)。p.Ser54Arg 和 p.Asn124Lys 与严重的双侧小眼症完全相关。MAC 相关变体预计会改变但不会消除 DNA 相互作用,这与使用具有充分表征的 PAX6 结合位点的突变体配对结构域观察到的电泳迁移率变化一致。我们没有发现与 PAX6 相关的新型眼外疾病的有力证据。结论 改变全基因组范围内 PAX6 结合的亲和力和特异性为 MAC 相关错义变体的比零更差的效应提供了一个合理的机制。
更新日期:2019-11-08
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