BACKGROUND No safe blood lead concentration in children has been identified. Lead can affect nearly every system in the body and is especially harmful to the developing central nervous system of children. The aim of this study is to analyze blood lead in a population of children and its association with sociodemographic variables, biochemical parameters, copper, iron, selenium and zinc. METHODS We recruited 155 children (86 boys and 69 girls) with a mean age of 7.3 (SD:4.1). Blood lead and serum selenium concentrations were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum copper and zinc concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum iron levels were determined by colorimetric assay. A risk exposure questionnaire for lead was administered to the participants. RESULTS The median blood lead level was 1.1 (IQR 0.7-1.6) μg/dL. Regarding risk exposure factors, the youngest children (<2 years) who played outdoors presented a median blood lead concentration of 1.1 μg/dL IQR: 0.48-1.48, compared to the median of 0.3 μg/dL IQR:0.2-0.48 in the children who stated they played at home (p = 0.024). Significant differences were also found when taking into account those parents who smoked (median 1.3 IQR 0.8-1.9 μg/dL vs 0.9 IQR 0.5-1.4 μg/dL of non-smokers, p = 0.002). Children who drank tap water had higher blood lead levels (median 1.2 IQR 0.7-1.6 μg/dL) than those who drank bottled water (median 0.7 IQR 0.2-1.3 μg/dL p = 0.014). In addition, children whose mothers had not finished school had higher blood lead levels (median 1.7 IQR 1.2-2.3 μg/dL) than those whose mothers had finished school (median 1.2 IQR 0.7-1.7 μg/dL) and those whose mothers had gone to university (median 0.9 IQR 0.5-1.4 μg/dL) p = 0.034. In the multivariate lineal regression analysis we continue to observe the association between mother's higher level of education and lower blood levels (p = 0.04) and the interaction between age and outdoor play (p = 0.0145). CONCLUSIONS In spite of the decline in blood lead concentrations, associated risk factors continue to exist in vulnerable populations such as children.

中文翻译：

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儿童血铅及其与微量元素和社会人口统计学因素的关联。

背景技术尚未确定儿童中安全的血铅浓度。铅几乎可以影响人体的每个系统，尤其对儿童正在发育的中枢神经系统有害。这项研究的目的是分析儿童人群中的血铅及其与社会人口学变量，生化参数，铜，铁，硒和锌的关系。方法我们招募了155名儿童（86名男孩和69名女孩），平均年龄为7.3（SD：4.1）。血铅和血清硒浓度通过电热原子吸收光谱法测量。通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测量血清铜和锌浓度。通过比色测定法测定血清铁水平。对参与者进行了铅风险暴露调查表。结果中位数血铅水平为1。1（IQR 0.7-1.6）μg/ dL。关于风险暴露因素，在户外玩耍的年龄最小的儿童（<2岁）的血铅中位数为1.1μg/ dL IQR：0.48-1.48，而儿童的血铅中位数为0.3μg/ dL IQR：0.2-0.48谁说他们在家打球（p = 0.024）。当考虑到那些吸烟的父母时，也发现了显着差异（非吸烟者中位数为1.3 IQR 0.8-1.9μg/ dL，非吸烟者为0.9 IQR 0.5-1.4μg/ dL，p = 0.002）。饮用自来水的儿童的血铅水平较高（中位数为1.2 IQR 0.7-1.6μg/ dL），而饮用瓶装水的儿童（中位数0.7 IQR 0.2-1.3μg/ dL，p = 0.014）。此外，母亲未完成学业的孩子的血铅水平（中位数为1.7 IQR 1.2-2.3μg/ dL）比母亲未上学的孩子（中位数1.2 IQR 0.7-1）高。7微克/分升）和母亲上过大学的孩子（中位数0.9 IQR 0.5-1.4微克/分升）p = 0.034。在多元线性回归分析中，我们继续观察到母亲的较高学历和较低的血液水平（p = 0.04）与年龄和户外活动之间的相互作用（p = 0.0145）之间的关联。结论尽管血铅浓度下降，但相关的危险因素仍在儿童等弱势人群中继续存在。