Abstract Sucrose is a precursor for several vital biomolecules and essential for growth of the plant. The present study investigated the interrelationship between sucrose (25 μM) and PO4 (iP) in amelioration of arsenic (iAs) [60 μM of AsIII and AsV] toxicity in C3 (Oryza sativa) and C4 (Zea mays) plants. Application of sucrose recovered the iAs induced phytotoxicity, morphological and physiological parameters in both C3 and C4 plant seedlings. Alternatively, iAs accumulation enhanced the endogenous level of sucrose in the seedlings. Also, sucrose suppressed the gene expression of low silicon transporters in both C3 and C4 plants, resulting in lower iAs uptake. Presence of iP, suppressed expression of root iP transporters which coincided with reduced iAs accumulation in maize root (23 %) over its AsIII, and that in shoots of both of C3 (12 %) and C4 (35 %) seedlings over AsV. However, the iP transporters in rice [OsPT-1, 6 & 9] and in maize (ZmPHT1;6, ZmPHT2;1, ZmPHT1;1), shoot and root, respectively, were upregulated with sucrose application, enhancing the iP accumulation. Sucrose application reduced the level of H2O2 and TBARS in both plants, while enhanced the thiolic compounds (GSH, cysteine and NPSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, GPX and SOD) against iAs toxicity under both available and iP deprived conditions. The physiological parameters such as A, PhiPS2, gs and qP recovered whereas, NPQ was reduced with sucrose application, towards iAs treatments in both the seedlings. Overall, the results indicate that sucrose plays a vital role in the amelioration of iAs induced toxicity through modulation of iP and low silicon transporters, resulting in reducing the iAs accumulation, physiological parameters and antioxidants.

中文翻译：

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蔗糖通过调节磷酸盐和硅转运蛋白、C3 (Oryza sativa L.) 和 C4 (Zea mays L.) 的生理和生化反应，在减轻砷诱导的植物毒性方面发挥关键作用

摘要 蔗糖是多种重要生物分子的前体，对植物生长至关重要。本研究调查了蔗糖 (25 μM) 和 PO4 (iP) 在改善 C3 (Oryza sativa) 和 C4 (Zea mays) 植物中砷 (iAs) [60 μM 的 AsIII 和 AsV] 毒性方面的相互关系。蔗糖的应用在 C3 和 C4 植物幼苗中恢复了 iAs 诱导的植物毒性、形态和生理参数。或者，iAs 积累提高了幼苗中蔗糖的内源水平。此外，蔗糖抑制 C3 和 C4 植物中低硅转运蛋白的基因表达，导致 iAs 吸收较低。iP 的存在，抑制了根 iP 转运蛋白的表达，这与玉米根中 iAs 积累减少（23%）超过其 AsIII 相吻合，以及在 AsV 上的 C3 (12 %) 和 C4 (35 %) 幼苗的芽中。然而，水稻 [OsPT-1, 6 & 9] 和玉米 (ZmPHT1;6, ZmPHT2;1, ZmPHT1;1)、地上部和根中的 iP 转运蛋白分别随着蔗糖的施用而上调，增强了 iP 的积累。蔗糖应用降低了两种植物中 H2O2 和 TBARS 的水平，同时增强了硫醇化合物（GSH、半胱氨酸和 NPSH）和抗氧化酶（APX、GPX 和 SOD）在可用和缺乏 iP 条件下对抗 iAs 毒性的活性。生理参数如 A、PhiPS2、gs 和 qP 恢复，而 NPQ 随着蔗糖的应用而降低，对两种幼苗的 iAs 处理。全面的，