We have undertaken a systematic review examining the role of diet on sleep, and sleep on diet, in children aged 0–5 y. Controlled trials and cohort or cross-sectional studies were identified with online searches of PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL up to 1 June 2019, and hand searching of relevant publications. Searches, extraction, and risk of bias assessments were undertaken independently by at least two researchers. Fifty articles involving 72,491 children on a diverse range of topics were eligible. All five studies that investigated the effect of sleep on diet indicated that poorer sleep (measured by a variety of indices) was associated with greater dietary energy intake or poorer diet quality. Conversely, the findings regarding how diet might influence sleep were less consistent when considering feeding practises, energy and macronutrient intake, or micronutrient and small metabolite intake. Studies were typically of short duration and relied on subjective measures of sleep (66%) or diet (88%). While we identified a clear relationship between reduced sleep and poorer diets, future studies require improved methodological reporting and support from transdisciplinary collaborations to better understand the possible role of diet on sleep. Prospectively registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018091647).

我们进行了系统的综述，以检查饮食对0-5岁儿童睡眠和饮食睡眠的作用。截至2019年6月1日，通过在线搜索PubMed，Medline，Embase，Scopus和CENTRAL进行了对照试验和队列研究或横断面研究，并对相关出版物进行了人工搜索。至少有两名研究人员独立进行了搜索，提取和偏倚风险评估。符合条件的50篇文章涉及72,491名儿童，涉及的主题广泛。所有五项研究睡眠对饮食影响的研究均表明，睡眠质量差（通过各种指标衡量）与饮食能量摄入增加或饮食质量较差有关。相反，在考虑进食习惯时，有关饮食如何影响睡眠的发现并不一致，能量和大量营养素的摄入量，或微量营养素和少量代谢物的摄入量。研究通常持续时间短，并且依赖于睡眠（66％）或饮食（88％）的主观测量。尽管我们确定了睡眠减少与饮食质量下降之间的明确关系，但未来的研究需要改进方法的报告，并需要跨学科合作的支持，以更好地了解饮食对睡眠的可能作用。已在PROSPERO国际系统性审查前瞻性注册局（CRD42018091647）进行了潜在注册。未来的研究需要改进的方法学报告和跨学科合作的支持，以更好地了解饮食对睡眠的可能作用。已在PROSPERO国际系统性审查前瞻性注册局（CRD42018091647）进行了潜在注册。未来的研究需要改进的方法学报告和跨学科合作的支持，以更好地了解饮食对睡眠的可能作用。已在PROSPERO国际系统性审查前瞻性注册局（CRD42018091647）进行了潜在注册。