In recognition of many microorganisms ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites in parallel, Zeeck and coworkers introduced the term “OSMAC” (one strain many compounds) around the turn of the century. Since then, additional efforts focused on the systematic characterization of a single bacterial species ability to form multiple secondary metabolite scaffolds. With the beginning of the genomic era mainly initiated by a dramatic reduction of sequencing costs, investigations of the genome encoded biosynthetic potential and especially the exploitation of biosynthetic gene clusters of undefined function gained attention. This was seen as a novel means to extend range and diversity of bacterial secondary metabolites. Genome analyses showed that even for well-studied bacterial strains, like the myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus DK1622, many biosynthetic gene clusters are not yet assigned to their corresponding hypothetical secondary metabolites. In contrast to the results from emerging genome and metabolome mining techniques that show the large untapped biosynthetic potential per strain, many newly isolated bacterial species are still used for the isolation of only one target compound class and successively abandoned in the sense that no follow up studies are published from the same species. This work provides an overview about myxobacterial bacterial strains, from which not just one but multiple different secondary metabolite classes were successfully isolated. The underlying methods used for strain prioritization and natural product discovery such as biological characterization of crude extracts against a panel of pathogens, in-silico prediction of secondary metabolite abundance from genome data and state of the art instrumental analytics required for new natural product scaffold discovery in comparative settings are summarized and classified according to their output. Furthermore, for each approach selected studies performed with actinobacteria are shown to underline especially innovative methods used for natural product discovery.

为了认识到许多微生物可以并行产生多种次级代谢产物的能力，Zeeck及其同事在本世纪初引入了术语“ OSMAC”（一种菌株，许多化合物）。从那时起，额外的工作集中于对单个细菌物种形成多个次级代谢产物支架的能力进行系统表征。随着基因组时代的开始，主要是由于测序成本的显着降低，对基因组编码的生物合成潜力的研究，尤其是对功能不确定的生物合成基因簇的开发引起了关注。这被认为是扩大细菌次生代谢产物范围和多样性的一种新颖手段。基因组分析表明，即使对于经过深入研究的细菌菌株，如粘细菌黄色粘球菌DK1622，许多生物合成基因簇尚未分配给它们相应的假设次级代谢产物。与新兴的基因组和代谢组学挖掘技术的结果显示每个菌株具有巨大的尚未开发的生物合成潜力的结果相反，许多新近分离出的细菌物种仍仅用于分离一种目标化合物，并且在没有后续研究的意义上被连续抛弃。是从同一物种发表的。这项工作提供了有关粘细菌菌株的概述，从中不仅成功分离出一种，而且成功分离出多种不同的次级代谢产物。用于菌株优先级划分和天然产物发现的基本方法，例如针对一组病原体的粗提物的生物学表征，根据基因组数据和在比较情况下发现新天然产物支架所需的最新技术分析，对硅中次生代谢产物的丰度进行了计算机内预测，并根据它们的输出进行了归类和分类。此外，对于每种方法，用放线菌进行的选定研究均显示出特别强调了用于天然产物发现的创新方法。