Abstract

Despite numerous advantages, applications of conventional microporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hampered by their limited pore sizes, such as in heterogeneous catalysis and guest delivery, which usually involve large molecules. Construction of hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs) is vital to achieve the controllable augmentation of MOF pore size to mesopores or even macropores, which can enhance the diffusion kinetics of guests and improve the storage capacity. This review article focuses on recent advances in the methodology of HP-MOF synthesis, covering preparation of HP-MOFs with intrinsic hierarchical pores, and modulated, templated and template-free synthetic strategies for HP-MOFs. The key factors which affect the formation of HP-MOF architectures are summarized and discussed, followed by a brief review of their applications in heterogeneous catalysis and guest encapsulation. Overall, this review presents a roadmap that will guide the future design and development of HP-MOF materials with molecular precision and mesoscopic complexity.

中文翻译：

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分层多孔金属-有机骨架：合成策略和应用

摘要

尽管有许多优点，但传统微孔金属有机骨架 (MOF) 的应用受到其有限孔径的阻碍，例如在多相催化和客体传递中，通常涉及大分子。分层多孔 MOFs (HP-MOFs) 的构建对于实现 MOF 孔径的可控增大至介孔甚至大孔至关重要，这可以增强客体的扩散动力学并提高存储容量。这篇综述文章重点介绍了 HP-MOF 合成方法的最新进展，涵盖了具有内在分层孔的 HP-MOF 的制备，以及 HP-MOF 的调制、模板化和无模板合成策略。总结讨论了影响HP-MOF架构形成的关键因素，随后简要回顾了它们在多相催化和客体封装中的应用。总的来说，这篇综述提出了一个路线图，它将指导具有分子精度和介观复杂性的 HP-MOF 材料的未来设计和开发。