The expansion and activation of tumor antigen reactive CD8⁺ T cells are primary goals of immunotherapies for cancer. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with an essential role in the development and proliferation of regulatory T cells, restricting myeloid and chronic inflammatory T cell responses. However, IL-10 is also essential for the expansion of antigen activated, tumor specific CD8⁺ T cells, leading to spontaneous tumor development in IL-10 deficient patients and mice. IL-10 induces IFNγ and cytotoxic mediators in antigen activated T cells. In clinical trials, monotherapy with recombinant, pegylated IL-10 (Pegilodecakin) induced objective responses in cancer patients. Patients receiving pegilodecakin had a systemic increase of IFNγ and granzymes, proliferation and expansion of immune checkpoint positive CD8⁺ T cells. Combination of pegilodecakin with anti-PD-1 appeared to improve on the efficacy of the single agents.

^{肿瘤抗原反应性 CD8 +} T 细胞的扩增和激活是癌症免疫疗法的主要目标。IL-10 是一种抗炎细胞因子，在调节性 T 细胞的发育和增殖中具有重要作用，可限制骨髓和慢性炎症性 T 细胞反应。^{然而，IL-10 对于抗原激活的肿瘤特异性 CD8 +}的扩增也是必不可少的T 细胞，导致 IL-10 缺陷患者和小鼠的自发肿瘤发展。IL-10 在抗原激活的 T 细胞中诱导 IFNγ 和细胞毒性介质。在临床试验中，重组聚乙二醇化 IL-10 (Pegilodecakin) 的单一疗法在癌症患者中诱导了客观反应。接受 pegilodecakin 治疗的患者全身性 IFNγ 和颗粒酶增加，免疫检查点阳性 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞增殖和扩增。pegilodecakin 与抗 PD-1 的组合似乎提高了单一药物的疗效。