The ability to achieve and maintain optimal metabolic control in type 2 diabetes relies on a combination of lifestyle changes, education, access to disease management tools, and pharmacological treatment. Patients achieving near-normal HbA _1c see a decreased risk of diabetes-related complications. For many years, efforts have been directed at developing new pharmacological agents beyond the traditional mainline diabetes treatments (insulin, metformin, and sulfonylureas), especially for patients unresponsive to existing interventions. Safety and efficacy are key when adopting a new drug, but ease of use, duration of action, and route of administration should not be underestimated. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent new drug classes that not only improve glycaemic control, but also have beneficial effects on cardiovascular (and in the case of SGLT2 inhibitors, renal) outcomes.

中文翻译：

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研究摘要：开创口服GLP-1受体激动剂。

在2型糖尿病中实现和维持最佳代谢控制的能力取决于生活方式的改变，教育，使用疾病管理工具和药物治疗的结合。HbA _1c接近正常的患者看到与糖尿病相关的并发症的风险降低。多年来，人们一直致力于开发超越传统主线糖尿病治疗方法（胰岛素，二甲双胍和磺酰脲类）的新药理剂，特别是对于对现有干预措施无反应的患者。安全性和有效性是采用新药时的关键，但不应低估其易用性，作用时间和给药途径。胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1）受体激动剂和钠葡萄糖共转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂代表了不仅改善血糖控制而且对心血管有有益作用的新药类别（对于SGLT2抑制剂，肾脏）预后。