In plants, reversible histone acetylation and deacetylation play a crucial role in various biological activities, including development and the response to environmental stress. Histone deacetylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, is catalyzed by multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our understanding of HDAC function in plant development has accumulated from molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, how HDACs contribute to the development of rice (Oryza sativa) is poorly understood and no rice mutants of HDAC have been reported. Here we have characterized a new rice mutant showing semi-dwarfism, which we named dwarf with slender leaf1 (dsl1). The mutant showed pleiotropic defects in both vegetative and reproductive developments; e.g. dsl1 produced short and narrow leaves, accompanied by a reduction in the number and size of vascular bundles. The semi-dwarf phenotype was due to suppression of the elongation of some culm (stem) internodes. Interestingly, despite this suppression of the upper internodes, the elongation and generation of lower internodes were slightly enhanced. Inflorescence and spikelet development were also affected by the dsl1 mutation. Some of the observed morphological defects were related to a reduction in cell numbers, in addition to reduced cell division in leaf primordia revealed by in situ hybridization analysis, suggesting the possibility that DSL1 is involved in cell division control. Gene cloning revealed that DSL1 encodes an HDAC belonging to the reduced potassium dependence3/histone deacetylase1 family. Collectively, our study shows that the HDAC DSL1 plays diverse and important roles in development in rice.

中文翻译：

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带有组蛋白脱乙酰基酶的SLENDER LEAF1的DWARF在水稻发育中起着不同的作用

在植物中，可逆的组蛋白乙酰化和脱乙酰化在各种生物活动（包括发育和对环境压力的响应）中起着至关重要的作用。组蛋白脱乙酰基酶通常与基因沉默相关，是由多种组蛋白脱乙酰基酶（HDAC）催化的。我们从拟南芥的分子遗传学研究中积累了对HDAC在植物发育中的功能的了解。相比之下，人们对HDAC如何促进水稻（Oryza sativa）的发育了解甚少，还没有报道HDAC的水稻突变体。在这里，我们描述了一个显示半矮化的新水稻突变体，我们将其命名为带有细长的leaf1（dsl1）的矮化。该突变体在营养和生殖发育中均表现出多效性缺陷。例如dsl1产生了短而狭窄的叶子，伴随着血管束数量和大小的减少。半矮型表型是由于抑制了某些茎（茎）节间的伸长。有趣的是，尽管这种抑制了较高的节间，但较低的节间的伸长和产生却有所增强。花序和小穗发育也受到dsl1突变的影响。某些观察到的形态学缺陷与原位杂交分析揭示的叶原基细胞分裂减少有关，此外还与细胞数量减少有关，这表明DSL1参与细胞分裂控制的可能性。基因克隆显示，DSL1编码的HDAC属于减少的钾依赖性3 /组蛋白脱乙酰基酶1家族。总的来说，