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Production of ammonia as a low-cost and long-distance antibiotic strategy by Streptomyces species.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-07 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0537-2 Mariana Avalos 1 , Paolina Garbeva 2 , Jos M Raaijmakers 1, 2 , Gilles P van Wezel 1, 2
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-07 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0537-2 Mariana Avalos 1 , Paolina Garbeva 2 , Jos M Raaijmakers 1, 2 , Gilles P van Wezel 1, 2
Affiliation
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Soil-inhabiting streptomycetes are nature's medicine makers, producing over half of all known antibiotics and many other bioactive natural products. However, these bacteria also produce many volatiles, molecules that disperse through the soil matrix and may impact other (micro)organisms from a distance. Here, we show that soil- and surface-grown streptomycetes have the ability to kill bacteria over long distances via air-borne antibiosis. Our research shows that streptomycetes do so by producing surprisingly high amounts of the low-cost volatile ammonia, dispersing over long distances to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Glycine is required as precursor to produce ammonia, and inactivation of the glycine cleavage system nullified ammonia biosynthesis and concomitantly air-borne antibiosis. Reduced expression of the porin master regulator OmpR and its cognate kinase EnvZ is used as a resistance strategy by E. coli cells to survive ammonia-mediated antibiosis. Finally, ammonia was shown to enhance the activity of canonical antibiotics, suggesting that streptomycetes adopt a low-cost strategy to sensitize competitors for antibiosis from a distance.
中文翻译：
生产氨作为链霉菌属的低成本和长距离抗生素策略。
栖息于土壤的链霉菌是大自然的药物制造商，生产所有已知抗生素和许多其他生物活性天然产品的一半以上。然而，这些细菌也会产生许多挥发物，这些分子会分散在土壤基质中，并可能从远处影响其他（微生物）生物。在这里，我们展示了土壤和地表生长的链霉菌能够通过空气传播的抗生素远距离杀死细菌。我们的研究表明，链霉菌通过产生惊人的大量低成本挥发性氨来做到这一点，长距离分散以抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的生长。甘氨酸是产生氨的前体，甘氨酸裂解系统的失活使氨的生物合成无效，并伴随着空气传播的抗生素。减少孔蛋白主调节因子 OmpR 及其同源激酶 EnvZ 的表达被大肠杆菌细胞用作抵抗氨介导的抗生素的抗性策略。最后，氨被证明可以增强经典抗生素的活性，这表明链霉菌采用低成本策略从远处使竞争者对抗生素敏感。
更新日期：2020-01-17
中文翻译：
生产氨作为链霉菌属的低成本和长距离抗生素策略。
栖息于土壤的链霉菌是大自然的药物制造商，生产所有已知抗生素和许多其他生物活性天然产品的一半以上。然而，这些细菌也会产生许多挥发物，这些分子会分散在土壤基质中，并可能从远处影响其他（微生物）生物。在这里，我们展示了土壤和地表生长的链霉菌能够通过空气传播的抗生素远距离杀死细菌。我们的研究表明，链霉菌通过产生惊人的大量低成本挥发性氨来做到这一点，长距离分散以抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的生长。甘氨酸是产生氨的前体，甘氨酸裂解系统的失活使氨的生物合成无效，并伴随着空气传播的抗生素。减少孔蛋白主调节因子 OmpR 及其同源激酶 EnvZ 的表达被大肠杆菌细胞用作抵抗氨介导的抗生素的抗性策略。最后，氨被证明可以增强经典抗生素的活性，这表明链霉菌采用低成本策略从远处使竞争者对抗生素敏感。
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