The role of the gut microbiome in animal health has become increasingly evident. Although the structure of the gut microbiome of A. mellifera is well known, little is known about the dynamic change across different developmental stages. In this study, we explored the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota of A. mellifera at different developmental stages covering the whole life cycle using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results indicated that the core (shared) gut microbiota changes significantly among different developmental stages. The diversity of the bacterial community in workers among different ages was significantly different. In addition, by comparing the core gut microbiota among different-aged workers, we found that newly emerged workers had fewer core microbiota. Three genera, Gilliamella, Frischella, and Snodgrassella, were significantly colonized at 1 day poste mergence (dpe); Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Commensalibacter were significantly colonized at 3 dpe and significantly reduced with Gilliamella. Lactobacillus kunkeei and Bartonella were significantly colonized at 12 dpe and were significantly decreased with Lactobacillus helsingborgensis. Commensalibacter and Bifidobacterium were significantly decreased at 25 dpe, and Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Porphyromonadaceae were significantly decreased between 19 and 25 dpe. Our results reveal the succession of the gut microbiota of workers from birth to senescence, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the roles of gut microbiota during different developmental stages.

肠道微生物组在动物健康中的作用越来越明显。尽管A. mellifera肠道微生物组的结构是众所周知的，但关于不同发育阶段的动态变化知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们探索了A. mellifera肠道菌群的动态变化。使用高通量16S rRNA基因测序，涵盖整个生命周期的不同发育阶段。结果表明，不同发育阶段的核心（共有）肠道菌群发生了显着变化。不同年龄工人的细菌群落多样性差异显着。此外，通过比较不同年龄工人的核心肠道菌群，我们发现新出现的工人的核心菌群较少。合并后1天（dpe），三个属Gilliamella，Frischella和Snodgrassella明显被定殖；乳酸杆菌，双歧杆菌，肠杆菌在3 dpe时显着移殖，并随Gilliamella显着减少。克氏乳杆菌和巴尔通体在12 dpe时显着定殖，而赫尔辛堡乳杆菌则明显减少。Commensalibacter和双歧杆菌在25 DPE均显著降低，拟杆菌，大肠埃希氏-志贺氏菌，和Porphyromonadaceae在19至25 dpe之间显着下降。我们的研究结果揭示了工人肠道菌群从出生到衰老的连续性，这为进一步探索肠道菌群在不同发育阶段的作用提供了理论基础。