BACKGROUND Identifying low-cost and easy to implement measures of infant markers of later psychopathology may improve targeting of early intervention for prevention. Because of their early manifestation, relative stability and overlap with constructs central to affect-based dimensions of child and adolescent psychopathology, negative emotionality and self-regulation have been the focus of this research. We conducted a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the prospective association between infant temperament measured with parent ratings and child/adolescent psychopathology. METHODS A systematic literature search for prospective longitudinal studies, which included measures of questionnaire-assessed infant temperament (negative emotionality, self-regulation, behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion, activity level) and symptoms of child or adolescent mental health (externalising, internalising) and neurodevelopmental problems (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), was conducted. Standardised estimates of association were calculated and pooled in meta-analyses. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (n = 28,425) met inclusion criteria. Small associations were seen between psychopathology aggregated across all domains and infant negative emotionality (r = .15; p < .001) and self-regulation (r = -.19; p = .007). Effects were also significant but weaker for behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .027) and activity level (r = .08; p = .016). Surgency/extraversion was not significantly associated with psychopathology in general (r = -.04; p = .094); however, it was negatively associated with ASD (r = -.10, p = .015). Significant correlations were observed with some outcomes isomorphic with predictors, internalising problems and behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .013), ADHD symptoms and activity level (r = .19; p = .009). CONCLUSION Questionnaire-based assessments of infant negative emotionality may have transdiagnostic potential to contribute to a risk index of later childhood psychopathology. Behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion and activity ratings may provide more specific predictive power. More data from prospective studies are required before the potential of self-regulation and surgency/extraversion can be properly gauged.

中文翻译：

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研究综述：父母对婴儿负面情绪和自我调节的评级是否可以预测儿童期和青春期的精神病理学？前瞻性纵向研究的系统评价和荟萃分析。

背景识别后期精神病理学婴儿标志物的低成本且易于实施的措施可以提高预防的早期干预的针对性。由于它们的早期表现、相对稳定性和与儿童和青少年精神病理学基于情感维度的核心结构的重叠，消极情绪和自我调节一直是本研究的重点。我们对纵向研究进行了荟萃分析，研究了用父母评级衡量的婴儿气质与儿童/青少年精神病理学之间的前瞻性关联。方法 对前瞻性纵向研究进行系统的文献检索，其中包括问卷评估的婴儿气质（消极情绪、自我调节、行为抑制、冲动/外向、活动水平）和儿童或青少年心理健康症状（外化、内化）和神经发育问题（注意力缺陷/多动障碍 [ADHD]、自闭症谱系障碍 [ASD]）。在荟萃分析中计算并汇总了关联的标准化估计值。结果 25 项研究（n = 28,425）符合纳入标准。在所有领域汇总的精神病理学与婴儿负面情绪 (r = .15; p < .001) 和自我调节 (r = -.19; p = .007) 之间存在小的关联。行为抑制 (r = .10; p = .027) 和活动水平 (r = .08; p = .016) 的影响也很显着但较弱。一般而言，外向性/外向性与精神病理学没有显着相关性（r = -.04；p = .094）；然而，它与 ASD 呈负相关（r = -.10，p = . 015)。观察到与预测因子、内化问题和行为抑制（r = .10；p = .013）、ADHD 症状和活动水平（r = .19；p = .009）同构的一些结果显着相关。结论 基于问卷的婴儿负面情绪评估可能具有跨诊断潜力，有助于形成儿童后期精神病理学的风险指数。行为抑制、冲动/外向性和活动评级可以提供更具体的预测能力。在正确衡量自我调节和紧急/外向的潜力之前，需要更多来自前瞻性研究的数据。结论 基于问卷的婴儿负面情绪评估可能具有跨诊断潜力，有助于形成儿童后期精神病理学的风险指数。行为抑制、冲动/外向性和活动评级可以提供更具体的预测能力。在正确衡量自我调节和紧急/外向的潜力之前，需要更多来自前瞻性研究的数据。结论 基于问卷的婴儿负面情绪评估可能具有跨诊断潜力，有助于形成儿童后期精神病理学的风险指数。行为抑制、冲动/外向性和活动评级可以提供更具体的预测能力。在正确衡量自我调节和紧急/外向的潜力之前，需要更多来自前瞻性研究的数据。