BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases. Its composition and function are shaped by host-microbiota and intra-microbiota interactions. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that target bacteria and have the potential to modulate bacterial communities. AIMS To summarise phage biology and the clinical applications of phages in gastroenterology METHODS: PubMed was searched to identify relevant studies. RESULTS Phages induce bacterial cell lysis, integration of viral DNA into the bacteria and/or coexistence in a stable equilibrium. Bacteria and phages have co-evolved and their dynamic interactions are yet to be fully understood. The increasing need to modulate microbial communities (e.g., gut microbiota, multidrug-resistant bacteria) has been a strong stimulus for research in phages as an antibacterial therapy. In gastroenterology, phage therapy has been mainly studied in infectious diseases such as cholera. However, it is currently being explored in several other circumstances such as treating Clostridioides difficile colitis, targeting adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in Crohn's disease or eradicating Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer. Overall, phage therapy has a favourable and acceptable safety profile. Presently, trials with phage therapy are ongoing in Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS Phage therapy is a promising therapeutic tool against pathogenic bacteria in the fields of infectious diseases and gastroenterology. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials with phage therapy for gastroenterological diseases are ongoing.

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综述文章：胃肠病学中的噬菌体-从生物学到临床应用。

背景技术肠道菌群在几种胃肠道疾病的发病机理中起着重要作用。它的组成和功能受宿主菌群和菌群内相互作用的影响。噬菌体（噬菌体）是针对细菌的病毒，具有调节细菌群落的潜力。目的总结噬菌体生物学和噬菌体在胃肠病学中的临床应用方法：搜索PubMed以鉴定相关研究。结果噬菌体诱导细菌细胞裂解，病毒DNA整合入细菌和/或以稳定的平衡共存。细菌和噬菌体已经共同进化，它们的动态相互作用尚待充分了解。调节微生物群落（例如肠道菌群，作为一种抗细菌疗法，已成为噬菌体研究的强有力的刺激。在肠胃病学中，主要研究了霍乱等传染病的噬菌体疗法。但是，目前正在其他几种情况下进行研究，例如治疗艰难梭菌结肠炎，针对克罗恩病中粘附性侵袭性大肠杆菌或根除大肠癌中的核梭形芽孢杆菌。总体而言，噬菌体疗法具有良好且可接受的安全性。目前，在克罗恩氏病中正在进行噬菌体疗法的试验。结论噬菌体疗法是​​一种在传染病和肠胃病领域中对抗病原细菌的有前途的治疗工具。噬菌体疗法治疗胃肠道疾病的随机，安慰剂对照试验正在进行中。