Lace plant leaves utilize programmed cell death (PCD) to form perforations during development. The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in PCD during lace plant leaf development is currently unknown. Hsp70 amounts were measured throughout lace plant leaf development, and the results indicate that it is highest before and during PCD. Increased Hsp70 amounts correlate with raised anthocyanin content and caspase-like protease (CLP) activity. To investigate the effects of Hsp70 on leaf development, whole plants were treated with either of the known regulators of PCD [reactive oxygen species (ROS) or antioxidants] or an Hsp70 inhibitor, chlorophenylethynylsulfonamide (PES-Cl). ROS treatment significantly increased Hsp70 2-fold and CLP activity in early developing leaves, but no change in anthocyanin and the number of perforations formed was observed. Antioxidant treatment significantly decreased Hsp70, anthocyanin, and CLP activity in early leaves, resulting in the fewest perforations. PES-Cl (25 μM) treatment significantly increased Hsp70 4-fold in early leaves, while anthocyanin, superoxide, and CLP activity significantly declined, leading to fewer perforations. Results show that significantly increased (4-fold) or decreased Hsp70 amounts lead to lower anthocyanin and CLP activity, inhibiting PCD induction. Our data support the hypothesis that Hsp70 plays a role in regulating PCD at a threshold in lace plant leaf development. Hsp70 affects anthocyanin content and caspase-like protease activity, and helps regulate PCD during the remodelling of leaves of lace plant, Aponogeton madagascariensis.

中文翻译：

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在花边植物的叶片重塑过程中，Hsp70在程序性细胞死亡中起作用。

蕾丝植物叶片在发育过程中利用程序性细胞死亡（PCD）形成穿孔。目前尚不清楚热激蛋白（Hsps）在花边植物叶片发育过程中在PCD中的作用。在整个蕾丝植物叶片发育过程中都测量了Hsp70的量，结果表明在PCD之前和期间，其含量最高。Hsp70量增加与花青素含量增加和半胱天冬酶样蛋白酶（CLP）活性相关。为了研究Hsp70对叶片发育的影响，用已知的PCD调节剂[活性氧（ROS）或抗氧化剂]或Hsp70抑制剂氯苯基乙炔基磺酰胺（PES-Cl）处理整株植物。ROS处理显着增加了早期发育叶片中Hsp70的2倍活性和CLP活性，但未观察到花色苷的变化和形成的穿孔数量。抗氧化剂处理显着降低了早期叶片中的Hsp70，花色苷和CLP活性，从而使穿孔最少。PES-Cl（25μM）处理可显着提高早期叶片中Hsp70的4倍，而花色苷，超氧化物和CLP活性则显着下降，从而减少了穿孔。结果表明，Hsp70量显着增加（4倍）或减少会导致花青素和CLP活性降低，从而抑制PCD诱导。我们的数据支持以下假设：Hsp70在花边植物叶片发育的阈值中在调节PCD中起作用。Hsp70影响花色苷含量和类似caspase的蛋白酶活性，并在蕾丝植物Aponogeton madagascariensis的叶片重塑过程中帮助调节PCD。产生最少的穿孔。PES-Cl（25μM）处理可显着提高早期叶片中Hsp70的4倍，而花色苷，超氧化物和CLP活性则显着下降，从而减少了穿孔。结果表明，Hsp70量显着增加（4倍）或减少会导致花青素和CLP活性降低，从而抑制PCD诱导。我们的数据支持以下假设：Hsp70在花边植物叶片发育的阈值中在调节PCD中起作用。Hsp70影响花色苷含量和类似caspase的蛋白酶活性，并在蕾丝植物Aponogeton madagascariensis的叶片重塑过程中帮助调节PCD。产生最少的穿孔。PES-Cl（25μM）处理可显着提高早期叶片中Hsp70的4倍，而花色苷，超氧化物和CLP活性则显着下降，从而减少了穿孔。结果表明，Hsp70量显着增加（4倍）或减少会导致花青素和CLP活性降低，从而抑制PCD诱导。我们的数据支持以下假设：Hsp70在花边植物叶片发育的阈值中在调节PCD中起作用。Hsp70影响花色苷含量和类似caspase的蛋白酶活性，并在蕾丝植物Aponogeton madagascariensis的叶片重塑过程中帮助调节PCD。导致更少的穿孔。结果表明，Hsp70量显着增加（4倍）或减少会导致花青素和CLP活性降低，从而抑制PCD诱导。我们的数据支持以下假设：Hsp70在花边植物叶片发育的阈值中在调节PCD中起作用。Hsp70影响花色苷含量和caspase样蛋白酶的活性，并在蕾丝植物马达加斯加（Aponogeton madagascariensis）叶片的重塑过程中帮助调节PCD。导致更少的穿孔。结果表明，Hsp70量显着增加（4倍）或减少会导致花青素和CLP活性降低，从而抑制PCD诱导。我们的数据支持以下假设：Hsp70在花边植物叶片发育的阈值处在调节PCD中起作用。Hsp70影响花色苷含量和类似caspase的蛋白酶活性，并在蕾丝植物Aponogeton madagascariensis的叶片重塑过程中帮助调节PCD。