Pathogen avirulence (Avr) effectors interplay with corresponding plant resistance (R) proteins and activate robust plant immune responses. Although the expression pattern of Avr genes has been tied to their functions for a long time, it is still not clear how Avr gene expression patterns impact plant‐microbe interactions. Here, we selected PsAvr3b, which shows a typical effector gene expression pattern from a soybean root pathogen Phytophthora sojae. To modulate gene expression, we engineered PsAvr3b promoter sequences by in situ substitution with promoter sequences from Actin (constitutive expression), PsXEG1 (early expression), and PsNLP1 (later expression) using the CRISPR/Cas9. PsAvr3b driven by different promoters resulted in distinct expression levels across all the tested infection time points. Importantly, those mutants with low PsAvr3b expression successfully colonized soybean plants carrying the cognate R gene Rps3b. To dissect the difference in plant responses to the PsAvr3b expression level, we conducted RNA‐sequencing of different infection samples at 24 h postinfection and found soybean immune genes, including a few previously unknown genes that are associated with resistance. Our study highlights that fine‐tuning in Avr gene expression impacts the compatibility of plant disease and provides clues to improve crop resistance in disease control management.

中文翻译：

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效应子基因启动子序列的编辑影响植物-疫霉菌相互作用。

病原体无毒力（Avr）效应子与相应的植物抗性（R）蛋白相互作用，并激活强大的植物免疫应答。尽管Avr基因的表达模式已与其功能联系了很长时间，但仍不清楚Avr基因的表达模式如何影响植物与微生物的相互作用。在这里，我们选择了PsAvr3b，它显示了来自大豆根病原体大豆疫霉的典型效应子基因表达模式。为了调节基因表达，我们通过用肌动蛋白（组成型表达），PsXEG1的启动子序列进行原位取代来工程化PsAvr3b启动子序列（早期表达）和PsNLP1（稍后表达），使用CRISPR / Cas9。在所有测试的感染时间点，由不同启动子驱动的PsAvr3b导致不同的表达水平。重要的是，那些具有低PsAvr3b表达的突变体成功地定殖了携带同源R基因Rps3b的大豆植物。为了剖析植物对PsAvr3b表达水平的反应差异，我们在感染后24小时对不同感染样品进行了RNA测序，发现了大豆免疫基因，包括一些与抗性相关的未知基因。我们的研究强调了Avr的微调 基因表达影响植物疾病的相容性，并提供提高疾病控制管理中作物抗性的线索。