To successfully achieve the porous cell-blocks, a bioink is a prerequisite requirement. However, although various hydrogel-based bioinks have been applied, a hydrogel/bioceramic-based composite bioink consisting of cells has not been actively investigated owing to its poor printability and low initial cell-viability. In this study, a new bioink consisting of fibrillated collagen, cells, and bioceramic (β-TCP) is suggested to attain a 3D porous cell-laden composite structure with high cellular responses, in aspects of initial cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation using preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) and human adipose stem cells (hASCs). By manipulating the processing conditions and weight fractions of the ceramic in the bioink, a 3D porous cell-laden composite structure can be fabricated successfully. The cell-laden composite structure revealed that the printed structure was mechanically stable, the laden cells were satisfactorily viable, and even cell proliferation/differentiation was well performed. Moreover, the cells in the composite structure exhibited significant osteogenic activities compared to the pure collagen bioink (control), and higher levels of osteogenic gene expression of the hASC-laden composite structure were observed without using an osteogenic medium than those of the control using an osteogenic medium, indicating that the laden β-TCP triggered osteogenic differentiation of the hASCs.

中文翻译：

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基于胶原蛋白/生物陶瓷的复合生物墨水，可制造载有多孔3D hASCs的骨组织再生结构。

为了成功实现多孔细胞块，生物墨水是先决条件。然而，尽管已经应用了各种基于水凝胶的生物墨水，但是由于其可印刷性差且初始细胞存活率低，因此尚未积极研究由细胞组成的基于水凝胶/生物陶瓷的复合生物墨水。在这项研究中，提出了一种由原纤化的胶原蛋白，细胞和生物陶瓷（β-TCP）组成的新型生物墨水，可在初始细胞活力，增殖和分化方面获得3D多孔的，载有高细胞响应的复合结构。前成骨细胞（MC3T3-E1）和人脂肪干细胞（hASC）。通过控制生物墨水中陶瓷的加工条件和重量分数，可以成功制造3D多孔多孔复合结构。充满细胞的复合结构表明，印刷的结构机械稳定，充满细胞的存活率令人满意，甚至细胞增殖/分化也能很好地进行。此外，与纯胶原蛋白生物墨水（对照）相比，复合结构中的细胞表现出显着的成骨活性，并且在不使用成骨培养基的情况下，与使用胶原蛋白的对照相比，在未使用成骨培养基的情况下观察到了更高水平的成骨基因表达水平。成骨培养基，表明负载的β-TCP触发了hASC的成骨分化。