Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS), a process that integrates enzymatic reactions and supramolecular (i.e., noncovalent) interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies, represents an emerging research area at the interface of physical and biological sciences. This review provides a few representative examples of ENS in the context of supramolecular soft matter. After a brief comparison of enzymatic covalent and noncovalent synthesis, we discuss ENS of man-made molecules for generating supramolecular nanostructures (e.g., supramolecular hydrogels) in cell-free conditions. Then, we introduce ENS in a cellular environment. To illustrate the unique merits for applications, we discuss intercellular, peri- or intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and targeted delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential of ENS. We hope that this review offers a new perspective for scientists who develop supramolecular soft matter to address societal needs at various frontiers.

酶促非共价合成（ENS）是一种将酶促反应和超分子（即非共价）相互作用整合在一起的过程，用于高级分子组装的空间组织，它代表了物理科学和生物科学界的一个新兴研究领域。这篇综述提供了超分子软物质背景下ENS的一些代表性实例。在酶促共价和非共价合成的简要比较之后，我们讨论了在无细胞条件下产生超分子纳米结构（例如，超分子水凝胶）的人造分子的ENS。然后，我们在蜂窝环境中介绍ENS。为了说明应用的独特优势，我们讨论了细胞间，细胞周或细胞内和亚细胞ENS的细胞形态发生，分子成像，癌症治疗和靶向递送。最后，我们对ENS的潜力进行了展望。我们希望这篇评论为开发超分子软物质以解决各个领域的社会需求的科学家们提供新的视角。