Here we report targeted high-pressure synthesis of two novel high-$T_C$ hydride superconductors, $P6_3/mmc$-$ThH_9$ and $Fm\bar{3}m$-$ThH_{10}$, with the experimental critical temperatures ($T_C$) of 146 K and 159-161 K and upper critical magnetic fields ($\mu$$H_C$) 38 and 45 Tesla at pressures 170-175 Gigapascals, respectively. Superconductivity was evidenced by the observation of zero resistance and a decrease of $T_C$ under external magnetic field up to 16 Tesla. This is one of the highest critical temperatures that has been achieved experimentally in any compounds, along with such materials as $LaH_{10}$, $H_3S$ and $HgBa_2Ca_xCu_2O_{6+z}$. Our experiments show that $fcc$-$ThH_{10}$ has stabilization pressure of 85 GPa, making this material unique among all known high-$T_C$ metal polyhydrides. Two recently predicted Th-H compounds, $I4/mmm$-$ThH_4$ (> 86 GPa) and $Cmc2_1$-$ThH_6$ (86-104 GPa), were also synthesized. Equations of state of obtained thorium polyhydrides were measured and found to perfectly agree with the theoretical calculations. New phases were examined theoretically and their electronic, phonon, and superconducting properties were calculated.

中文翻译：

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氢化钍 ThH10 中 161 K 的超导性：合成和性质

在这里，我们报告了两种新型高 $T_C$ 氢化物超导体 $P6_3/mmc$-$ThH_9$ 和 $Fm\bar{3}m$-$ThH_{10}$ 的靶向高压合成，实验临界温度 ($T_C$) 为 146 K 和 159-161 K，上临界磁场 ($\mu$$H_C$) 分别为 38 和 45 特斯拉，压力为 170-175 吉帕。在高达 16 特斯拉的外部磁场下观察到零电阻和 $T_C$ 的减少证明了超导性。这是在任何化合物以及 $LaH_{10}$、$H_3S$ 和 $HgBa_2Ca_xCu_2O_{6+z}$ 等材料中通过实验达到的最高临界温度之一。我们的实验表明，$fcc$-$ThH_{10}$ 具有 85 GPa 的稳定压力，使这种材料在所有已知的高 $T_C$ 金属多氢化物中独一无二。两个最近预测的 Th-H 化合物，还合成了 $I4/mmm$-$ThH_4$ (> 86 GPa) 和 $Cmc2_1$-$ThH_6$ (86-104 GPa)。测量得到的多氢化钍的状态方程，发现与理论计算完全一致。从理论上检查了新相，并计算了它们的电子、声子和超导特性。