Despite their important roles in host nutrition and metabolism, and potential to cause disease, our knowledge of the fungal community in the mammalian gut is quite limited. To date, diversity and composition of fungi in swine gut still remains unknown. Therefore, the first internal transcribed spacer of fungi in faecal samples from three breeds of pigs (10 pigs for each breed) was sequenced based on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the relationship between the fungal community and the concentrations of main short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was also analysed. Results indicated that Chenghua (local, higher body fat rate), Yorkshire (foreign, higher lean meat and growth rate) and Tibetan (plateau, stronger disease resistance) pigs harboured distinct fungal community. The Basidiomycota and Ascomycota presented as the two predominant phyla, with Loreleia, Russula and Candida as the top three genera in all samples. Network analysis revealed a total of 35 correlations among different fungal genera, with 27 (77.14%) positive and 8 (22.86%) negative pairwise interactions. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that fungi in the faeces of pigs were more correlated to the concentration of acetate and butyrate rather than propionate. Spearman’s correlation further showed that Tomentella was positively correlated to both acetate and butyrate, and Loreleia was positively correlated to propionate (P < 0.05), while Nephroma and Taiwanofungus were negatively correlated to acetate and propionate (P < 0.05). These findings expanded our knowledge on the intestinal fungi in pigs with different genotypes and phenotypes, indicating that fungi may play an indispensable role during the metabolism of host and the maintenance of intestinal health. The cross‐feeding between fungi and other microorganisms may be crucial during the digestion of dietary carbohydrates and the associated physiological processes, which is worthy to be further studied.

中文翻译：

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成化，约克郡和藏猪粪便中的真菌群落及其与短链脂肪酸浓度的相互作用。

尽管它们在宿主营养和新陈代谢中起着重要作用，并可能导致疾病，但我们对哺乳动物肠道真菌群落的了解非常有限。迄今为止，猪肠道中真菌的多样性和组成仍然未知。因此，基于Illumina HiSeq 2500平台对三个猪（每个猪十个猪）的粪便样本中的第一个内部转录的真菌间隔子进行了测序，并分析了真菌群落与主要短链脂肪的浓度之间的关系。还分析了酸（SCFA）。结果表明，成化猪（本地，较高的体脂率），约克郡（外来，较高的瘦肉和生长率）和藏族（高原，较强的抗病性）猪具有明显的真菌群落。Basidiomycota和Ascomycota表现为两个主要门。Loreleia，Russula和Candida是所有样本中的前三大属。网络分析显示不同真菌属之间共有35种相关性，其中成对相互作用为27（77.14％）个正向和8个（22.86％）负向。典型的对应分析表明，猪粪中的真菌与乙酸和丁酸而不是丙酸的浓度更相关。Spearman相关进一步表明，短绒呈正两者乙酸和丁酸相关，Loreleia呈正丙相关（P  <0.05），而肾瘤和Taiwanofungus呈负乙酸酯和丙酸酯（相关P <0.05）。这些发现扩展了我们对不同基因型和表型猪肠道真菌的认识，表明真菌可能在宿主的新陈代谢和维持肠道健康中起着不可或缺的作用。真菌和其他微生物之间的交叉喂养在膳食碳水化合物的消化及其相关的生理过程中可能至关重要，这值得进一步研究。