The scientific literature on links among alcohol use, total energy intake, cardiometabolic disease and obesity is conflicting. To clarify the link between alcohol use and cardiometabolic health, this systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42016039308A) uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines to synthesize how alcohol use affects dietary intake (carbohydrate, fat and protein intake) in humans. A search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO and PubMed from June 2016‐March 2019 yielded 30 qualified studies. Experimental and observational studies allowed for inferences about effects of a single drinking occasion and of frequent drinking, respectively. Alcohol quantities were standardized according to the 2015‐2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. On average, methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Results indicated that a single occasion of light and moderate drinking as well as frequent light and moderate drinking were linked to greater fat and protein intake, albeit the majority of studies did not detect differences in dietary intake due to these drinking behaviours. Frequent heavy drinking, on the other hand, was linked to less carbohydrate intake in the majority of studies. Overall, alcohol use does not appear to uniformly affect diet but instead appears to affect intake of specific macronutrients in a dose‐dependent manner, most consistently decreasing carbohydrate intake with heavier use.

中文翻译：

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关于酒精使用和饮食摄入的实验和观察研究：系统评价。


关于饮酒、总能量摄入、心脏代谢疾病和肥胖之间联系的科学文献是相互矛盾的。为了阐明饮酒与心脏代谢健康之间的联系，本系统综述 (PROSPERO CRD42016039308A) 使用 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）指南来综合饮酒如何影响膳食摄入（碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质摄入）。人类。对 2016 年 6 月至 2019 年 3 月期间 Google Scholar、PsycINFO 和 PubMed 的搜索得出了 30 项合格的研究。实验和观察研究可以分别推断单次饮酒和频繁饮酒的影响。酒精含量根据 2015 年至 2020 年美国人膳食指南进行标准化。平均而言，研究的方法学质量为中等强度。结果表明，单次轻度和中度饮酒以及频繁的轻度和中度饮酒与更多的脂肪和蛋白质摄入量有关，尽管大多数研究没有发现这些饮酒行为导致的饮食摄入量差异。另一方面，在大多数研究中，经常大量饮酒与碳水化合物摄入量减少有关。总体而言，饮酒似乎并不均匀地影响饮食，而是似乎以剂量依赖的方式影响特定大量营养素的摄入，最明显的是，随着饮酒量的增加，碳水化合物的摄入量会减少。