Humans vary in their 'natural ability' related to sports performance. One facet of natural ability reflects so-called intrinsic ability or the ability to do well with minimal training. A second facet of natural ability is how rapidly an individual adapts to training; this is termed trainability. A third facet is the upper limit achievable after years of prolonged intense training; this represents both intrinsic ability and also trainability. There are other features of natural ability to consider, for example body size, because some events, sports, or positions favor participants of different sizes. In this context, the physiological determinants of elite endurance performance, especially running and cycling, are well known and can be used as a template to discuss these general issues. The key determinants of endurance performance include maximal oxygen uptake [Formula: see text], the lactate threshold, and running economy (efficiency in the case of cycling or other sports). In this article, I use these physiological determinants to explore what is known about the genetics of endurance performance. My main conclusion is that at this time there are very few, if any, obvious relationships between these key physiological determinants of performance and DNA sequence variation. Several potential reasons for this lack of relationship will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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运动成绩的遗传学方法：我们走了多远？

人类在与运动表现有关的“自然能力”上各不相同。天生能力的一个方面反映了所谓的内在能力或仅需很少训练就能做好的能力。天生能力的第二个方面是一个人适应训练的速度。这就是所谓的可培训性。第三个方面是经过长时间长时间的紧张训练之后可以达到的上限。这既代表了内在的能力，又代表了可训练性。考虑的自然能力还有其他特征，例如身材大小，因为某些事件，运动或位置会偏爱不同身材的参与者。在这种情况下，精英耐力性能的生理决定因素，尤其是跑步和骑行，是众所周知的，可以用作讨论这些一般性问题的模板。耐力性能的关键决定因素包括最大摄氧量[公式：参见文本]，乳酸阈值和跑步经济性（骑自行车或其他运动时的效率）。在本文中，我将使用这些生理学决定因素来探索有关耐力表现遗传学的知识。我的主要结论是，目前，这些关键的性能决定因素和DNA序列变异之间几乎没有（如果有的话）明显的关系。将讨论这种缺乏关系的几种潜在原因。我的主要结论是，目前，这些性能关键指标与DNA序列变异之间几乎没有（如果有的话）明显的关系。将讨论这种缺乏关系的几种潜在原因。我的主要结论是，目前，这些性能关键指标与DNA序列变异之间几乎没有（如果有的话）明显的关系。将讨论这种缺乏关系的几种潜在原因。