A cage-type composite was successfully prepared by attaching p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene to a porous activated carbon aerogel (ACA). The resulting composite showed a high specific surface area of 1620.7 m2  g-1 and a high sulfur loading of 2.5 mg cm-2 . The calixarene is uniformly dispersed on the carbon spheres and efficiently captures polysulfides by interaction with the sulfonate groups. Meanwhile, the cross-linked porous structure of the composite restricts the migration of polysulfides. The cathode delivers an outstanding electrochemical performance with an initial capacity of 1304.7 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C. Furthermore, it displays excellent long-term cycling stability, maintaining 884.7 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. Density functional theory (DFT) adsorption calculations support the strong interaction between the calixarenes and polysulfides and reveal the capture mechanism.

中文翻译：

---

用于多硫化物捕获的杯芳烃官能化多孔碳气凝胶：高性能锂硫电池的阴极。

通过将对-磺基对杯[4]芳烃连接到多孔活性炭气凝胶（ACA）上，成功制备了笼型复合材料。所得的复合材料显示出高的比表面积为1620.7m2 g-1和高的硫负载量为2.5mg cm-2。杯芳烃均匀地分散在碳球上，并通过与磺酸盐基团的相互作用有效地捕获多硫化物。同时，复合材料的交联多孔结构限制了多硫化物的迁移。阴极具有出色的电化学性能，在0.2 C下的初始容量为1304.7 mAh g-1。此外，它还具有出色的长期循环稳定性，在0.5 C下300次循环后仍保持884.7 mAh g-1。