Positive or negative feedback is usually used to maintain or shift a sorting rule in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Previous studies have demonstrated that negative feedback evokes a larger P3 than positive feedback. However, it is unclear whether the neural response is different for negative feedback appearing at different stages of the WCST. We compared ERPs evoked by the negative feedback appearing at the rule-switching stage (switch-NF) with those appearing at the rule-learning stage (learn-NF) in a modified WCST. Results indicated that: 1) switch-NF evoked a longer N1 latency than learn-NF, 2) switch-NF evoked a delayed and larger N2 component than learn-NF, particularly at the frontal and central electrodes, 3) P3 latency was shorter and the P3 amplitude was larger in learn-NF than in switch-NF. These findings suggest that in the different stages of the WCST, negative feedback implied different involvement of attention, inhibition control, and context updating.

中文翻译：

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在威斯康星卡片分类测试的一个变体中，不同阶段的负反馈反应不同的大脑激活

在威斯康星卡片分类测试 (WCST) 中，正反馈或负反馈通常用于维持或改变排序规则。先前的研究表明，负反馈比正反馈引起更大的 P3。然而，目前尚不清楚对于出现在 WCST 不同阶段的负反馈的神经反应是否不同。我们比较了在修改后的 WCST 中出现在规则转换阶段 (switch-NF) 和出现在规则学习阶段 (learn-NF) 的负反馈引起的 ERP。结果表明：1）switch-NF比learn-NF诱发了更长的N1延迟，2）switch-NF比learn-NF诱发了一个延迟且更大的N2成分，尤其是在额叶和中央电极，3）P3延迟更短并且学习-NF中的P3幅度大于开关-NF。