Early studies have shown how aberrantly expressed microRNAs are a hallmark of several diseases like cancer. MicroRNA expression profiling was shown to be associated with tumour development, progression and response to therapy, suggesting their possible use as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Moreover, based on the increasing number of studies demonstrating that microRNAs can function as potential oncogenes or oncosuppressor genes, with the goal to improve disease response and increase cure rates, miRNA‐based anticancer therapies have recently been exploited, either alone or in combination with current targeted therapies. The advantage of using microRNA approaches is based on its ability to concurrently target multiple effectors of pathways involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Here, we review our current knowledge about the involvement of microRNAs in cancer, and their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools.

中文翻译：

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癌症中的微RNA失调：诊断、监测和治疗。全面审查

早期研究表明，异常表达的 microRNA 是癌症等多种疾病的标志。MicroRNA 表达谱显示与肿瘤的发展、进展和对治疗的反应有关，表明它们可能用作诊断、预后和预测生物标志物。此外，基于越来越多的研究表明 microRNA 可以作为潜在的致癌基因或抑癌基因，以改善疾病反应和提高治愈率为目标，基于 miRNA 的抗癌疗法最近被开发出来，无论是单独使用还是与现有的靶向治疗。使用 microRNA 方法的优势在于它能够同时靶向参与细胞分化、增殖和存活的通路的多个效应子。这里，