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Oxylipins Other Than Jasmonic Acid Are Xylem-Resident Signals Regulating Systemic Resistance Induced by Trichoderma virens in Maize.
The Plant Cell ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 , DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00487
Ken-Der Wang 1 , Eli J Borrego 1 , Charles M Kenerley 1 , Michael V Kolomiets 2
Affiliation  

Multiple long-distance signals have been identified for pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance, but mobile signals for symbiont-induced systemic resistance (ISR) are less well understood. We used ISR-positive and -negative mutants of maize (Zea mays) and the beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens and identified 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and α-ketol of octadecadienoic acid (KODA) as important ISR signals. We show that a maize 13-lipoxygenase mutant, lox10, colonized by the wild-type T. virens (TvWT) lacked ISR response against Colletotrichum graminicola but instead displayed induced systemic susceptibility. Oxylipin profiling of xylem sap from T. virens-treated plants revealed that 12-OPDA and KODA levels correlated with ISR. Transfusing sap supplemented with 12-OPDA or KODA increased receiver plant resistance in a dose-dependent manner, with 12-OPDA restoring ISR of lox10 plants treated with TvWT or T. virens Δsm1, a mutant unable to induce ISR. Unexpectedly, jasmonic acid (JA) was not involved, as the JA-deficient opr7 opr8 mutant plants retained the capacity for T. virens-induced ISR. Transcriptome analysis of TvWT-treated maize B73 revealed upregulation of 12-OPDA biosynthesis and OPDA-responsive genes but downregulation of JA biosynthesis and JA response genes. We propose a model that differential regulation of 12-OPDA and JA in response to T. virens colonization results in ISR induction.

中文翻译:

除茉莉酸以外的其他脂磷脂是调节木质素木霉在玉米中诱导的系统抗性的木质部常驻信号。

对于病原体诱导的系统性获得性耐药已鉴定出多个长距离信号,但共生体诱导的系统性耐药(ISR)的移动信号知之甚少。我们使用了玉米(Zea mays)和有益真菌木霉(Trichoderma virens)的ISR阳性和阴性突变体,并将12-氧-植物二烯酸(12-OPDA)和十八碳二烯酸(KODA)的α-酮醇确定为重要的ISR信号。我们显示了由野生型T. virens(TvWT)定殖的玉米13-脂加氧酶突变体lox10缺乏对Colletotrichum graminicola的ISR反应,而是表现出诱导的全身敏感性。维尔纽斯处理过的植物木质部汁液的脂蛋白谱分析表明12-OPDA和KODA水平与ISR相关。补充了12-OPDA或KODA的输液汁液以剂量依赖的方式增加了受体植物的抗药性,通过12-OPDA恢复了用TvWT或vir。ΔTsvirsΔsm1处理的lox10植物的ISR,该突变体无法诱导ISR。出乎意料的是,由于茉莉酸缺乏的opr7 opr8突变植物保留了由T. virens诱导的ISR的能力,因此不涉及茉莉酸(JA)。TvWT处理的玉米B73的转录组分析显示12-OPDA生物合成和OPDA响应基因上调,但JA生物合成和JA响应基因下调。我们提出了一个模型,该模型的差异调节12-OPDA和JA响应T. virens定居导致ISR诱导。因为缺乏JA的opr7 opr8突变植物保留了由T. virens诱导的ISR的能力。TvWT处理的玉米B73的转录组分析显示12-OPDA生物合成和OPDA响应基因上调,但JA生物合成和JA响应基因下调。我们提出了一个模型,该模型的差异调节12-OPDA和JA响应T. virens定居导致ISR诱导。因为缺乏JA的opr7 opr8突变植物保留了由T. virens诱导的ISR的能力。TvWT处理的玉米B73的转录组分析显示12-OPDA生物合成和OPDA响应基因上调,但JA生物合成和JA响应基因下调。我们提出了一个模型,该模型的差异调节12-OPDA和JA响应T. virens定居导致ISR诱导。
更新日期:2020-01-11
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