Objective To investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Journal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Prospective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included. Results Fourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5–35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose–response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running. Conclusion Increased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.

中文翻译：

---

跑步是否与降低全因死亡率、心血管死亡率和癌症死亡率相关联，是不是越多越好？系统评价和荟萃分析

目的探讨跑步参与和跑步剂量与全因死亡率、心血管死亡率和癌症死亡率的关系。设计系统回顾和荟萃分析。数据来源 期刊文章、会议论文和博士论文在 Academic Search Ultimate、CINAHL、Health 中被索引 来源：Nursing/Academic Edition、MasterFILE Complete、Networked Digital Library of Thes and Dissertations、Open Access Theses and Dissertations、PsycINFO、PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus 、 SPORTDiscus 和科学网。选择研究的资格标准 纳入了关于跑步或慢跑参与与非临床成人人群全因、心血管和/或癌症死亡风险之间关联的前瞻性队列研究。结果 纳入了来自 6 个前瞻性队列的 14 项研究，汇集了 232 149 名参与者的样本。在 5.5-35 年的随访期间，总共记录了 25951 人死亡。我们的荟萃分析显示，跑步参与与全因风险降低 27%、30% 和 23% 相关（汇总调整风险比 (HR) = 0.73；95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.68 至 0.79）、心血管疾病（与不跑步相比，HR=0.70；95% CI 0.49 至 0.98）和癌症（HR=0.77；95% CI 0.68 至 0.87）死亡率分别。元回归分析显示每周频率、每周持续时间、配速和总跑步量没有显着的剂量反应趋势。结论 增加跑步参与率，无论其剂量如何，都可能导致人群健康和寿命的显着改善。任意跑步次数，