Basement membrane laminins (LNs) have been shown to modulate cellular phenotypes and differentiation both in vitro and during organogenesis in vivo. At least 16 laminin isoforms are present in mammals, and most are available as recombinant proteins. Ubiquitous LN511 and LN521 promote the clonal derivation and expansion of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and, together with other highly cell type-specific laminins, they can support the differentiation of stem cells into, for example, cardiac muscle fibers, retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors, dopamine (DA) neurons, and skin keratinocytes. The laminin-supported differentiation methods are highly reproducible and can be made chemically defined and fully xeno-free – a prerequisite for preparing therapeutic stem cell-derived cells. In this review we describe recent work on the use of laminin-based cell culture matrices in stem cell differentiation.

基底膜层粘连蛋白（LNs）已显示出可在体外和体内器官发生期间调节细胞表型和分化。哺乳动物中至少存在16种层粘连蛋白同工型，大多数以重组蛋白形式获得。无处不在的LN511和LN521促进多能胚胎干细胞（ESC）的克隆衍生和扩增，并且与其他高度细胞类型特异性层粘连蛋白一起，它们可以支持干细胞分化为例如心肌纤维，视网膜色素沉着上皮（RPE）细胞和感光器，多巴胺（DA）神经元和皮肤角质形成细胞。层粘连蛋白支持的分化方法具有很高的重现性，可以通过化学方法确定并且完全不含异种素-这是制备治疗性干细胞衍生细胞的先决条件。在这篇综述中，我们描述了基于层粘连蛋白的细胞培养基质在干细胞分化中的最新研究。