Organismal aging involves the progressive decline in organ function and increased susceptibility to age-associated diseases. This has been associated with the aging of stem cell populations within the body that decreases the capacity of stem cells to self-renew, differentiate, and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. This review aims to explore how aging is associated with the dysregulation of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SCEVs) and their corresponding miRNA cargo (SCEV-miRNAs), which are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. Recent evidence has suggested that in aging stem cells, SCEV-miRNAs may play a vital role regulating various processes that contribute to aging: cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, telomere length, and circadian rhythm. Hence, further clarifying the age-dependent molecular mechanisms through which SCEV-miRNAs exert their downstream effects may inform a greater understanding of the biology of aging, elucidate their role in stem cell function, and identify important targets for future regenerative therapies. Additionally, current studies evaluating therapeutic role of SCEVs and SCEV-miRNAs in treating several age-associated diseases are also discussed.

有机体衰老涉及器官功能的逐渐下降和对与年龄有关的疾病的易感性的增加。这与体内干细胞群体的衰老有关，衰老降低了干细胞自我更新，分化和再生受损组织和器官的能力。这篇综述旨在探讨衰老如何与干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡（SCEV）及其相应的miRNA货物（SCEV-miRNA）的失调相关，后者是参与靶基因转录后调控的短非编码RNA。最近的证据表明，在衰老的干细胞中，SCEV-miRNA可能在调节导致衰老的各种过程中起着至关重要的作用：细胞衰老，干细胞衰竭，端粒长度和昼夜节律。因此，进一步阐明SCEV-miRNA通过其发挥下游效应的年龄依赖性分子机制，可能有助于人们更好地了解衰老生物学，阐明其在干细胞功能中的作用，并确定未来再生疗法的重要靶标。另外，还讨论了评估SCEV和SCEV-miRNA在治疗几种与年龄相关的疾病中的治疗作用的最新研究。