The menopausal transition is a critical phase for psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety, with prevalence rates of depression ranging up to 20% during the menopause. Nevertheless, the majority of women cope adequately with this reproductive transition phase and thus appear to be resilient. We assert that a variety of psychological factors influence the menopausal transition and result in an individual state on a continuum from successful adjustment to maladjustment. The purpose of this review is to offer a conceptual framework of resilience factors during the menopausal transition and to reveal which dimensions of resilience have already been verified for a healthy menopausal transition. We searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO for studies investigating resilience factors during the menopausal transition which influence psychological and physical adjustment or maladjustment. A total of 23 articles were included. Altogether, we identified 15 different resilience factors, assessed with 23 different questionnaires. These factors can be grouped into six categories: core resilience, spirituality, control, optimism, emotion and self-related resilience. They are associated with a better adjustment to menopausal symptoms, milder physical symptoms, a better quality of and satisfaction with life, better well-being, less perceived stress and fewer depressive symptoms compared with women with lower levels of the respective resilience factors. Our conceptual framework includes resilience factors which have already been verified by empirical data. Further research is needed to determine whether these resilience factors can be assigned to a common factor and to incorporate biological resilience markers.

中文翻译：

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围绝经期心理弹性

更年期过渡是抑郁和焦虑等心理障碍的关键阶段，更年期抑郁症的患病率高达20%。尽管如此，大多数女性都能充分应对这一生殖过渡阶段，因此似乎具有弹性。我们断言，多种心理因素会影响更年期过渡，并导致个体状态从成功适应到适应不良。本综述的目的是提供更年期过渡期间恢复力因素的概念框架，并揭示哪些恢复力维度已被验证为健康的更年期过渡。我们在 PubMed 和 PsycINFO 数据库中搜索了更年期过渡期间影响心理和身体调整或适应不良的弹性因素的研究。共收录23篇文章。我们总共确定了 15 个不同的弹性因素，并通过 23 份不同的问卷进行了评估。这些因素可以分为六类：核心弹性、灵性、控制力、乐观、情绪和自我相关的弹性。与相应弹性因子水平较低的女性相比，它们与更年期症状的更好适应、更温和的身体症状、更好的生活质量和满意度、更好的幸福感、更少的感知压力和更少的抑郁症状相关。我们的概念框架包括已经由经验数据验证的弹性因素。需要进一步的研究来确定这些弹性因素是否可以分配给一个共同的因素并纳入生物弹性标记。